我国铁路危险货物办理站安全分析与对策

危险货物运输的源头是危险货物办理站 ,研究危险货物办理站的安全管理及存在的问题 ,具有现实意义和社会影响 ,对铁路行车安全和危货安全承运及保管至关重要。笔者通过实践和调查 ,阐述了目前我国铁路危险货物办理站安全运输中存在的主要问题 ,指出了危险货物办理站现有问题产生的原因 ,并提出了我国危险货物办理站问题解决的对策。     

潘口水电站移民安置区土地流转补偿标准研究

兴修大中型水利水电工程不可避免地要征收大量农田,造成大量移民非自愿性搬迁.我国实行开发性移民的方针,强调农村移民主要采取农业安置的策略.然而,移民的迁入势必会对安置区居民的土地权益带来负面的影响.因此,根据"卡尔多-希克斯"社会福利改进标准,要实现安置区土地向移民转移过程的社会福利改进,需要对利益受损的安置区集体和居民给予相应的补偿以弥补其福利损失.本文以湖北省竹山县潘口水电站为例,在对竹山县溢水镇、宝丰镇两个乡(镇)5个移民安置点的73户安置区居民进行问卷调查的基础上,运用条件价值法(CVM)对安置区土地流转的补偿标准进行了实证研究,研究结果表明:潘口水电站移民安置区土地流转补偿执行标准均未达到农地实际价值的一半,水田的补偿程度为49.54%.旱地的补偿程度为为44.54%,安置区集体和居民没有获得充分的补偿,因此,需要提高安置区土地流转补偿标准,使安置区居民也能和移民一样地分享到水利水电工程带来的增值收益.     

深化车机联控保障行车安全

论述了铁路行车安全车机联控的认识、基本做法和明显效果，提出了深化车机联控的建议。     

Mapping sediment contamination and toxicity in Winter Quarters Bay,McMurdo Station,Antarctica

Winter Quarters Bay (WQB) is a small embayment located adjacent to McMurdo Station, the largest researchbase in Antarctica. The bay is approximately 250 m wide andlong, with a maximum depth of 33 m. Historically, trashfrom the McMurdo Station was piled on the steep shoreline ofWQB, doused with fuel and ignited. That practice hasceased, and the adjacent land area has been regraded tocover the residual waste. The bottom of WQB remainslittered with drums, equipment, tanks, tires, cables, andother objects, especially the southeastern side of the baywhere dumping took place. Sediments are contaminated withPCBs, metals, and hydrocarbon fuels. The objectives of this study were to map the distributionof organic contaminants in WQB, assess the toxicity of WQB sediments using a simple microbial test, anddetermine correlations between toxicity and contaminantlevels. The study suggests that adverse ecological effectshave occurred from one or more of the contaminants found inWQB but the source of the toxic impacts to bay sedimentsremains unknown. Whole sediment toxicity was onlycorrelated with oil-equivalent while solvent extracts ofsediments were correlated with PAHs and oil-equivalent. Theauthors recommend that an integrated research plan bedeveloped that focuses on determining what additionalinformation is needed to make informed decisions on possibleremediation of WQB.     

WATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY MONITORING, MCMURDO STATION, ANTARCTICA

McMurdo Station is the largest research station in Antarctica and has a population that ranges from 250 to 1200 people. Wastewater from the Station is macerated, was sometimes mixed with waste brine from the desalinization plant and is discharged to McMurdo Sound. Effluent water quality has been routinely monitored since 1989, and a special ambient water quality study was conducted by Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) personnel in 1992. Results of the effluent monitoring efforts show that low concentrations of a few organic contaminants have been detected, while concentrations of metals, particularly copper, are considerably higher. Ambient water quality and sea ice monitoring detected very few contaminants, all at very low levels. Only minor and variable dissolved oxygen depression was detected near the outfall. Diatom communities near the outfall differ in relative abundance, cell counts, and chlorophyll a content compared to control sites. For the purpose of evaluating the impact of McMurdo`s effluent on ambient water quality, improved effluent monitoring and sediment quality monitoring are recommended instead of frequent monitoring of ambient water quality.     

上海市虹口区环境监测站质量管理的现状分析及对策探讨

通过有效运行的环境监测质量管理体系和实施监测全过程质量管理对虹口区环境监测站质量管理现状进行分析,提出了对策及建议,结果,通过建立数学分析模型对监测数据进行综合分析,实验室工作逐步做到熟练地应用测量不确定度,使环境监测站质量管理水平进一步提高,更好的为环境管理服务.     

The health effects and ecological significance of chlorine residuals in water

During the past several years, chlorine residuals and chlorinated organic compounds in drinking waters and aquatic environments have become a significant topic of study for scientists concerned about the quality of life in aquatic ecosystems as well as general public health. The effects of direct toxicity and/or carcinogenicity to human and aquatic life are the focal points for this concern.The effects of chloramines and chlorinated organic compounds present in the water distribution system after chlorination treatments are reviewed. Also discussed are the effects of chlorinated discharges from municipal secondary treatment plants and power plants on human health and aquatic life. The toxic significance of environmental chemicals are described.     

天水地震台流体异常与汶川8.0级地震关系探讨

通过对天水台（包括子台）2008年流体资料分析,在汶川8.0地震前天水流体资料短临异常明显,同震效应突出。模拟水氡观测震前1～3月开始出现异常,5个测点基本同步变化,其特征表现为测值迅速下降,然后出现转折,在上升过程中发生地震。数字化水温资料则出现同震效应,表现为水温测值大幅下降或上升,然后在几小时内恢复。数字化水位资料出现了震后效应,表现为测值持续下降,逐渐放缓下降速率,并保持低值未恢复到原来状态。通过总结分析天水台流体资料异常,对天水台及邻区的地震趋势判断是有益的。     

南极长城站夏季海雾预报的初步研究

基于南极长城站的气象观测(1985-2006年)和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的再分析数据,分析了该地区海雾的天气气候特征、海雾与气象要素的关系以及有利于海雾发生的3种典型天气形势,并据此初步建立了长城站夏季海雾预报系统。后报试验表明,该系统对长城站夏季海雾的预报效果较好。     

杉木人工林生态系统可燃物空间分布规律研究

在国家野外科学观测研究站-会同生态站的集水区中设置固定标准地,利用标准地和生物量调查数据,对杉木人工林的可燃物负荷量空间分布规律进行了研究,结果表明:杉木人工林生态系统的自然整枝能力较差,细小可燃物的空间分布均匀,易燃可燃物连续性好;含水率以近地面的最小;11年生的杉木人工林生态系统的枯死枝叶的总负荷量高达0.198 t.hm-2,分布于0～1.5 m的空间层中,这种均匀的空间分布规律为树冠火的发生创造了条件,从而加大了杉木人工林生态系统的火险性.建议在杉木人工林生态系统的经营过程中,要加强人工整枝,改变可燃物的空间分布;减少易燃可燃物的数量,降低森林的燃烧性;对于枯死枝叶可采取人工和计划烧除的措施进行清理.