固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中苯胺研究

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对水中苯胺含量进行定性、定量分析.结果显示：苯胺含量在2 mg/L∽ 50 mg/L之间呈良好线性关系,回归方程为Y=8.852 5X-3.174 4,相关系数为0.99964,最低检出限为0.1mg/L,样品加标回收率在72.42％ ∽78.65％之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.53％ ∽4.11％ （n =7）.该方法操作简便、快捷,是水中苯胺含量快速而准确的检测方法.     

生活垃圾协同水葫芦干式厌氧发酵制沼气的研究

探讨了水葫芦和生活垃圾在中温条件下联合发酵的可行性,研究了系统总固体含量(TS)、发酵母液添加比例(IR)以及水葫芦添加比例(WR)对厌氧发酵过程的影响。试验结果表明,添加5%的水葫芦能够有效防止因TS和IR的变化对系统pH值所带来的影响,缩短发酵启动时间,使产气高峰集中出现,并提高产气量。但是当水葫芦添加比例增加到10%时,沼气产量反而下降。发酵70 d后,挥发性固体(VS)降解率为38.18%～58.10%。通过对正交试验结果进行分析,得到水葫芦与生活垃圾联合发酵制沼气的较优工艺条件为:系统总固体含量23%,发酵母液添加比例100%,水葫芦添加比例5%。     

固体废弃物环保管理的改革创新

本文通过固体废弃物对环境的污染分析,提出了固体废弃物环保管理的改革创新策略。     

Numerical simulation of flow hydrodynamics of struvite pellets in a liquid–solid fluidized bed

Phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite has been aroused in recent decades for its dual advantages in eutrophication control and resource protection.The usage of the struvite products is normally determined by the size which is largely depended on the hydrodynamics.In this study,flow behavior of struvite pellets was simulated by means of Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model combining with kinetic theory of granular flow in a liquid–solid fluidized bed reactor(FBR).A parametric study including the mesh size,time step,discretization strategy,turbulent model and drag model was first developed,followed by the evaluations of crucial operational conditions,particle characteristics and reactor shapes.The results showed that a cold model with the mesh resolution of 16 × 240,default time step of 0.001 sec and first order discretization scheme was accurate enough to describe the fluidization.The struvite holdup profile using Syamlal–O'Brien drag model was best fitted to the experimental data as compared with other drag models and the empirical Richardson–Zaki equation.Regarding the model evaluation,it showed that liquid velocity and particle size played important roles on both solid holdups and velocities.The reactor diameter only influenced the solid velocity while the static bed height almost took no effect.These results are direct and can be applied to guide the operation and process control of the struvite fluidization.Moreover,the model parameters can also be used as the basic settings in further crystallization simulations.     

台州市工业危险固废产生及处置情况和对策研究

文章分析了2014年台州市工业危险固废产生情况,介绍了该市现有危险固废处理设施的区域分布情况,同时对主要行业危险固废处理能力进行调查和分析.文章指出现有工业危险固废存在回收体系不完善、处置能力不均衡、二次污染问题日益突出、环境监管能力薄弱等问题,并针对性地提出增强人们环保意识和观念、完善环境保护相关法律法规、加大基础环保设施的投入、进一步加强管理能力、探索和创新更好的处理方式、引进国内外先进的处理方法等解决措施,以期科学合理处置工业危险固废.     

中国中小城镇生活垃圾"双解"处理技术研究

利用热重-红外光谱连用分析技术对生活垃圾中六种典型成分的热解特性进行研究,研究结果表明生活垃圾中食物残渣、木屑及纸三种生物质类组份的主要热解温度区间为150℃~600℃,热解过程中的主要挥发分为H2O、CO2、CO及含-COOH等多组分气体.PP、PVC及皮革三种人造制品的主要热解温度区间为200℃~500℃,热解过程中的主要挥发分包括CH4、CO2及CO等小分子气体等.根据热解特性研究结果,设计了一套适用于中小处理规模的生活垃圾的"双解"(热解气化+富氧分解)工艺,同时基于本工艺设计出一种新型卧式"双解炉".     

自动固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定饮用水源地水中有机氯农药的研究

建立了自动固相萃取-气相色谱质谱仪测定饮用水源地水体中8种痕量有机氯农药的检测法.采用Supelclean ENVI-18固相萃取柱以10 mL/min流速富集500 mL水样,再依次用7.5 mL乙酸乙酯和10 mL二氯甲烷进行洗脱.8种物质在0.188 mg/L~2.04 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均在0.997以上;检出限为0.011μg/L~0.034μg/L;实际水样加标回收率为82.9%~103%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~8.3%.该方法自动化程度高、检出限低、灵敏度高、结果准确,适用于饮用水源地水体中痕量有机氯农药的测定.     

含固率对超声联合热碱预处理及厌氧消化的影响

含固率是影响污泥预处理效果的重要因素。对含固率为1.5%、5%、10%的污泥进行超声联合热碱预处理及厌氧消化,以探究含固率对污泥破解效果及产气量的影响,发现VSS的减少率和氨氮的增长率随污泥含固率的提高而减小。厌氧消化27d后,经预处理作用后污泥的含固率为1.5%、5%、10%,VSS浓度较原泥依次减少了64.5%、54.6%、20.1%,氨氮浓度较原泥依次增加了97.3%、47.5%、25.6%,厌氧消化产气量较原泥分别增加了32.0%、40.1%、18.9%,且产气量均在第20天之前便达到了原泥30 d的总产气量。综合考虑污泥体积、总减量效果以及产气量,采用含固率5%的污泥进行预处理以及后续的厌氧消化过程更合适。     

基于薄弱环节的发动机加速贮存试验研究

对基于薄弱环节的发动机加速贮存试验的理论依据和发动机加速贮存试验的基本流程进行了介绍,在对发动机薄弱环节的确定方法和薄弱环节失效机理分析的基础上,提出了材料、部组件和整机层层递进的加速贮存试验方案和基于物理老化、化学老化和使用载荷验证的发动机加速贮存试验一体化设计方法.     

A two-stage support-vector-regression optimization model for municipal solid waste management - a case study of Beijing, China

In this study, a two-stage support-vector-regression optimization model (TSOM) is developed for the planning of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the urban districts of Beijing, China. It represents a new effort to enhance the analysis accuracy in optimizing the MSW management system through coupling the support-vector-regression (SVR) model with an interval-parameter mixed integer linear programming (IMILP). The developed TSOM can not only predict the city's future waste generation amount, but also reflect dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of the MSW management system. Four kernel functions such as linear kernel, polynomial kernel, radial basis function, and multi-layer perception kernel are chosen based on three quantitative simulation performance criteria [i.e. prediction accuracy (PA), fitting accuracy (FA) and over all accuracy (OA)]. The SVR with polynomial kernel has accurate prediction performance for MSW generation rate, with all of the three quantitative simulation performance criteria being over 96%. Two cases are considered based on different waste management policies. The results are valuable for supporting the adjustment of the existing waste-allocation patterns to raise the city's waste diversion rate, as well as the capacity planning of waste management system to satisfy the city's increasing waste treatment/disposal demands.