应用电化学方法处理印染废水

本文简要介绍了电化方法的原理、特点及其在印染废水处理中的应用．     

测井剖面定量地层对比新技术

根据岩性地层对比原理,本文提出一个测井剖面定量地层对比模式。该模式由三部份组成:1.利用“多变量最优分段方法”将两对比测井剖面的地层进行分段处理;2.利用“爬山法”计算分属不同测井剖面的任意两段地层之间的相似性指标;3.根据相似性指标,利用“动态规划”方法确定地层对比结果。本文还利用上述模式进行了定量地层对比的实例研究,其结果比较令人满意。     

两种管理科学方法在城市化SEA中的应用

城市化和城市发展已经成为世界关注的焦点。正确看待城市化SEA，并将管理科学中的方法结合，从定性到定量综合集成(meta—synthesis)引入城市化SEA进行初步探讨。     

中国旅游业碳排放的影响因素分解及脱钩效应

采用广义迪氏指数分解法（GDIM）分解2000~2017年中国旅游业碳排放的影响因素,并在此基础上采用Tapio脱钩因果链模型分析旅游业碳排放的脱钩效应.结果表明：旅游业增加值、旅游业能源消耗量和旅客人次数是旅游业碳排放的促增因素,增加值能源强度和人均旅游业增加值是旅游业碳排放的促降因素,增加值碳强度、能源消耗碳强度和人均旅游业碳排放对旅游业碳排放的促增和促降作用在研究期间均有出现;旅游业能源消耗量的累积促增效应最大,为2030.13万t,增加值能源强度的累积促降效应最大,为103.29万t;旅游业碳排放的脱钩状态不佳,但近年来有所改善;人均脱钩弹性波动剧烈,节能弹性的变化是其波动的主要原因.     

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.     

日本地下水污染防治经验及其启示

日本持续开展了20多年的地下水污染调查评估工作,在地下水污染防治领域已属于国际领先水平。通过总结日本在地下水污染防治相关法律法规体系构建、地下水环境调查评估、地下水污染修复技术研究、地下水污染整治资金筹措等方面的先进经验,提出了我国在地下水环境保护方面的相关对策和建议。     

基于云模型的页岩气开发环境影响评价

从大气环境、噪声与土壤环境、水环境和生态、安全与可持续4个方面构建页岩气开发环境影响指标体系,并建立基于熵权法和云模型评价法的页岩气环境影响评价模型。针对四川省某国家级页岩气示范区进行实证分析,结果表明:该地区页岩气开发环境影响处于中等程度。页岩气开发对水环境影响最大,其次是对大气环境的影响,再次是对噪声与土壤环境,对生态、安全与可持续方面影响相对最小。该模型的评价结果与页岩气开发环境影响现状相符,最后根据评价结果提出相关政策建议。     

Determination of Commonly Used Herbicides in Surface Water Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Dual-Column HPLC-DAD

The present study describes the application of different solid-phase extraction techniques for the extraction, separation, and quantitative determination of 10 commonly used herbicides with different chemical structures (chlorsulfuron, diuron, bentazone, linuron, chlorpropham, fenoxoprop-ethyl, MCPA, diclofop-methyl, fluazifop-butyl, trifluraline) in water. Octadecyl (C₁₈) Empore extraction disks, octadecyl (C₁₈), and stryene divinylbenzene (SDB) Bond Elut Env cartridges were compared for solid-phase extraction efficiency. Herbicides were separated and quantified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) with simultaneous separation on two columns of differing polarity (C₁₈ and CN) to confirm identification. Analytical separation was performed simultaneously on C₁₈ and CN columns. Reanalysis of the sample extracts on a (cyano) CN column were used to confirm the identity of these compounds. Method optimization and validation parameters were presented in this work. Recoveries varied from 76.0% to 99.0% for C₁₈ disks, from 75.1% to 100.0% for C₁₈ cartridges, and from 54.0% to 98.0% for SDB cartridges over concentrations at 0.025–0.4 μg L^?1. The limits of detection were 0.012–0.035 μg L^?1.     

基于模糊优选和CRITIC法的电力碳排放权区域初始分配——以华东电网区域为例

为科学、合理分配电力行业碳排放权,文章综合考虑公平、效率和可持续发展原则,构建了电力碳排放权分配体系,并利用CRITIC法确定指标权重,运用模糊优选法计算碳排放权初始分配比例,结果表明:单位地区生产总值电耗是最主要的影响因素,公平原则下的电力碳排放量、电力能源消费总量和火力发电量也是重要的影响因素;碳排放量问题是复杂的系统问题,碳排放权初始分配要综合考虑公平性原则、效率性原则和可持续原则。最后,为达到和谐稳定的碳排放权分配方案,希望在以后的研究中加强和谐型评判与改进方法。     

我国环保产业研究现状分析——基于宏观视角的文献述评

通过文献研究法,基于宏观视角对我国环保产业研究成果进行梳理。当前,我国的环保产业研究成果初具规模,研究重点在于环保产业的现状分析、问题探讨以及对策研究,包括环保产业各主体间博弈均衡、环保产业的技术支持、投融资机制等内容。未来环保产业研究应注意环保产业竞争力的科学评价、环保产业主体间的良性互动及其合力的达成以及环保技术评价和兑现。