浙江省碳排放与经济增长的脱钩关系及驱动因素研究

运用IPCC参考方法、Tapio脱钩模型、协整分析和Granger因果检验,研究了浙江碳排放特征及其驱动因素.结果表明:碳排放量呈增长趋势,碳排放强度呈下降趋势,多数年份碳排放与经济增长之间呈"弱脱钩"状态;经济增长、外贸和人口增长对碳排放正向驱动,能源效率和城市化对碳排放负向驱动;经济增长、外贸、城市化和人口增长是引起碳排放增长的单向Granger原因,能源效率与碳排放互为Granger原因.     

集合经验模态分解在长江中下游梅雨变化多尺度分析中的应用

基于长江中下游流域5个梅雨监测站1961~2012年的日数据,利用集合经验模态分解（EEMD）方法,对研究期内梅雨时间序列进行多尺度的分析,探讨其在不同时间尺度上的振荡模态结构特征。结果表明：近50多年来,长江中下游梅雨变化呈现出显著的年际和年代际尺度振荡特征,在年际尺度上表现出准3 a和6 a的周期变化,而在年代际尺度上显示准13 a和24 a的周期变化;各分量方差〖JP2〗贡献率显示,年际振荡在梅雨长期变化中占据主导地位;自1961年以来,EEMD分解的梅雨长期变化趋势表现出先增加后减少的倒“U”型特征,其中1961~1985年呈上升趋势,1985~2012年呈下降趋势,尤其是在2000年之后的下降趋势最为明显。由此可以看出,EEMD能够有效地揭示梅雨长期序列在不同时间尺度上的变化规律,可用于诊断非线性、非平稳性信号变化的复杂性特征     

An in-depth view of climate change:addressing climate change while making a transition on the development mode

While fossil fuels greatly contribute to human society,they pose great challenges to natural resources,the environment,and climate change.Developed countries,like the United States,formulated strategic measures to ensure their sustainable development and leading positions in the world.These measures include new green policies,development of shale gas,revitalization of nuclear power,energy independence,reindustrialization,and new low-carbon development based on a combination of Internet technology and renewable energy.Developing countries are also trying to introduce balanced strategies of poverty alleviation and sustainable development.Globally,industrial civilization is being transformed to ecological civilization and green,low-carbon development is a global trend.Addressing climate change provides new strategic factors to further this development.China should take substantial actions to realize sustainable development in a new road:China is in the critical stage of changing its development mode,so it is vital to choose an appropriate development path.This extensive development comes at the high price of consuming too much resources and scarring the environment.Mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing climate change can help the transition of development.Based on the analysis of the development data of developed countries,the author introduces the concept of"two-type developed countries"with an understanding that not all developed countries must take the same development mode.He also holds the view that China should achieve modernization in a more energy-saving and more carbon-efficient manner compared with that of two-type developed countries.An analysis of"two competitions"that China is facing shows that changing the developing mode is urgent and China should grasp this opportunity in the next five to ten years,which is a key period for this transition.This paper discusses the low-carbon development goals and the three-step process.Low-carbon development does not necessarily restrict economic development.It,however,can expedite the transition of the development mode and this is a low-carbon and green development path.Transition of the development mode includes implementation of China’s green and low-carbon energy strategies,low-carbon society construction,development of agriculture and forestry,garbage sorting and utilization,innovation of urbanization,etc.Improvement of national infrastructure construction includes water safety,environment and climate monitoring system,intelligent energy web,basic database,etc.Addressing climate change can significantly improve the nation’s basic research level.In summary,it mitigates backward production capability,extensive development,and environmental damage while promoting technological advancement,scientific development,and ecological civilization.     

Effect of particle size on CO adsorption and thermodynamic analysis

The liquid nitrogen adsorption method was used to characterize the pore structure of non-cohesive coal in the 061,404 working face of the Lingxin coal mine. The amount of specific surface area of micropores in the sample continuously rose as particle sizes reduced. The volumetric method was used to measure the CO isothermal adsorption curves of three samples (sample I, 0.425–0.25 mm, sample II, 0.18–0.25 mm, and sample III, 0.15–0.18 mm). The experimental results were fitted by the Langmuir model. According to the experimental results, it was conducive to CO adsorption with the conditions of high pressure and low-temperature. The decrease in grain diameter increased the number and volume of micropores in the sample, which improved the adsorption capacity of the sample. In addition, according to the adsorption data, the CO adsorption thermodynamics of three samples were analyzed, including surface potential (Ω), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and entropy change (ΔS). The results demonstrated that CO adsorption by coal was a spontaneous process. Sample III has the most substantial adsorption capacity, whereas the sample I has the weakest adsorption capacity.     

福建省生产废水和生活污水污染物排放的驱动力及其时空分异

采用对数平均迪氏指数方法,区分生产和生活两个体系,构建时空分解分析模型,追踪了福建省9个设区市2011—2019年水污染物排放变化的关键驱动力及其贡献的时空差异.结果显示：研究期内福建省工业废水污染物排放持续减少,并且各驱动力贡献的区域差距明显变小,趋于平衡;生活污水污染物排放量仍保持高位,各驱动力贡献的区域差距基本保持不变.其中,经济规模扩张是福建省水污染物排放的主导驱动力,主要源于福州、厦门、泉州经济赶超发展影响;城镇化发展对区域生活污水污染物排放的驱动影响表现为增排效应,以福州和厦门尤为显著;工业化发展对区域工业废水污染物排放的影响效应由正驱动逐渐转变为负驱动,这主要归功于三明和泉州产业结构调整优化的拉动 效应;技术效应一直是福建省水污染物排放控制的重要驱动力,但部分地区已逐渐步入生活污染物技术减排攻坚期.     

长三角重点生态功能县域生态资产损益核算

限制开发的重点生态功能县域承担着生态保护与经济发展双重使命,如何实现生态与发展互促共进及生态产品价值化是当前面临的极大难点,生态资产损益核算为量化区域资源有偿使用、生态保护修复、生态文明绩效评价等提供了有效途径。以浙江省嵊州市作为长三角地区重点生态功能区的典型县域,基于栅格尺度评估了近20年生态资产存量与流量时空动态变化,并利用地理探测器结合人类活动类型监测分析了生态资产损益的驱动因素。结果表明：2000—2018年,由于森林生态资产质量降低及面积减少,嵊州市近60%区域的生态资产存量呈减少趋势,而生态资产流量总价值与单位面积价值均增益10%以上。相对于自然因素,社会经济因素对嵊州市生态资产损益平均贡献度更大,为17%。县域城镇化导致粮食供给轻微减损,70%以上乡镇生态资产增益,特别是石璜镇生态保护成效较突出。     

因子回归和交互联合探索区域植被覆盖度的影响因素——以三江源地区为例

利用SPOT VEGETATION数据获取的归一化植被指数（NDVI）,分析三江源地区植被覆盖度（FVC）的空间异质性,围绕自然和人类活动因素,基于因子回归与交互作用联合探索自然因素和人为因素对三江源地区植被覆盖的影响.结果表明：（1）三江源地区植被覆盖度整体呈现明显的空间异质性;（2）总体上FVC空间分布的影响因素表现为自然环境因素>人类活动因素;（3）降水是影响三江源地区FVC的主要驱动因子,解释力达0.777;（4）因子交互发现：驱动解释系统呈现双因子增强,说明从系统的角度来看不存在独立起作用的因子,年降水量与其他因子的交互作用最强;（5）降水梯度影响了三江源地区FVC空间异质性的解释程度.随着降水增加,因子解释力趋稳,在降水量较多的三江源东部地区,FVC趋向于更易受高程和气温的影响;（6）数据结果亦验证了因子独立的全局最优筛选仅仅是模拟因变量特征的最优函数,其解释效果与因变量的驱动解释不能完全等同.     

成渝城市群碳排放时空特征及其影响因素

利用2008~2018年成渝城市群内16个城市的面板数据,运用空间自相关和时空地理加权回归模型,探究了城市群碳排放的时空演变格局,揭示了碳排放影响因素的时空异质性.结果表明,成渝城市群碳排放整体呈增长态势,总量由5亿t增加到6.6亿t,增速约为1500t/a,地均碳排放量和人均碳排放量也存在波动上涨趋势.碳排放总量热点区域集中在成都和重庆,分别占总量约20%和25%,冷点区域为雅安市.碳排放总量和地均碳排放均存在显著的空间差异,人均碳排放的莫兰指数为正,呈现明显的空间聚集格局.整体上,人均碳排放表现出东北低-西南高的空间结构特征,南充,遂宁,广安是低低聚集区域.城市群中各个城市的影响因素显示出时空异质性,能源强度、经济发展水平、人口规模对城市的碳排放都有明显正向作用,在成渝中西部城市作用强度大;而城市化水平的正向影响较弱,对成渝东部城市影响较强.     

热电池失效分析及等效加速贮存试验技术

目的建立基于实测环境载荷的热电池等效加速贮存试验技术,掌握其在环境载荷作用下的性能退化规律。方法在分析热电池组成和所受环境载荷情况的基础上,分析热电池的主要失效模式,设计基于实测环境数据的等效加速贮存试验,开展热电池等效加速贮存试验,分析热电池性能和热图像的变化情况,利用粒子滤波算法对电池剩余电容量进行预测。结果随加速循环次数(时间)的增加,热电池的电容量下降。热图像表明,热电池经过等效加速贮存试验后,其放电过程表面温度要高于初始放电表面温度。粒子滤波算法能够有效模拟电容量的退化过程,电池剩余电容量预测结果与试验结果误差在10%以内。结论等效加速贮存试验得到了热电池的性能退化规律,从而为热电池的贮存试验提供一种解决方案。     

碳减排背景下我国与世界主要能源消费国能源消费结构与模式对比

选取2020年世界能源消费量累积占比达80%的前23个国家作为研究对象,通过从一次能源清洁化率、化石能源清洁利用率和电能占终端能源消费率角度对其能源消费结构进行对比研究,从单位GDP能耗、人均能耗和单位国土面积能耗角度,结合产业结构和分部门能源消费构成,对其能源消费强度进行深入分析,探讨各国在社会经济运行与生产生活中的能源消费模式,提出能源消费自然碳汇承载负荷比概念,指出我国在碳达峰与碳中和目标下能源消费模式转型面临的优势与挑战.结果表明,我国一次能源清洁化率、发电用能占比、化石能源清洁化利用率和电能占终端能耗比分别达到15.90%、53.48%、37.51%和26.54%,均在世界主要能源消费国家中处于前列,已经架构起良好的能源集约化和清洁化利用结构基础;非工农业能源消费占比尤其是仅为14.09%的交通能源占比在主要能源消费国中最低,已经形成了具有相对优势的绿色低碳能源消费模式;基于产业结构优化潜在的总体能源生产率还有较大提升空间;但相对较短的碳达峰与碳中和目标期对清洁能源发展速度与规模提出了巨大挑战,碳排放约束下的国际形势对我国通过优化调整产业结构实现降碳目标也增加了难度.