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161.
模拟考察了上海某水厂出厂水在不同输配管网体系中水质的变化规律,研究了管材和氯胺投加量对输配过程水质变化的影响.结果表明,不同输配管网体系氯胺的衰减速率总体上符合如下规律:镀锌管>铜管>不锈钢管>聚乙烯管(PE管)>三型聚丙烯管(PPR管),季节因素对氯胺衰减速率影响较大,秋冬季节氯胺衰减的速率显著降低;消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的生成规律为:PE管?PPR管>玻璃管>不锈钢管>铜管>镀锌管;五种管材中异氧菌总数(HPC)的生长数量为:镀锌管>>PE管>不锈钢管>PPR管>铜管;铜管和PE管中生物可同化有机碳(AOC)显著高于其余管材及出厂水. 相似文献
162.
采用聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PAC-PDMDAAC)复合混凝剂处理腐殖酸-高岭土模拟水样,对混凝出水进行超滤处理,研究了混凝剂投药量及进水pH值对处理效果的影响;出水用NaClO溶液进行了氯消毒实验,用一级模型进行了氯衰减数据拟合,计算得出了快速反应物与慢速反应物的初始浓度.结果表明,在要求出水中消毒副产物前驱物浓度最小的前提下,混凝与混凝-超滤所要求的投药量及进水pH值有所不同.混凝过程中残余絮体的粒径分布显示,残余絮体的粒径较小且分布集中时,混凝出水中消毒副产物前驱物浓度最低;残余絮体的粒径在粒径较小的区域有一定的分布,在粒径较大的区域有较高体积百分数时,混凝-超滤出水中消毒副产物前驱物浓度最低. 相似文献
163.
Muhammad Masood Ashiq Farhad Jazaei Kati Bell Ahmed Shakir Ali Ali Alireza Bakhshaee Peyman Babakhani 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):124
Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape. 相似文献
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Lloyd H.C. Chua Edmond Y.M. Lo E.B. Shuy Stephen B.K. Tan 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3635-3642
The results of an investigation characterizing the nutrients and suspended solids contained in stormwater from Kranji Catchment in Singapore are reported in this paper. Stormwater samples were collected from 4 locations and analyzed for the following eleven analytes: TOC, DOC, TN, TDN, NH4+, NO2− + NO3− (NOx), TP, TDP, OP, SiO2 and TSS. Stormwater was sampled from catchments with various proportions of rural and urban land use, including forested areas, grassed areas, agricultural and residential and commercial areas. The event mean concentrations (EMCs) of nutrients and TSS from sampling stations which have agricultural land use activities upstream were found to be higher. Comparison of site EMCs (SMCs) with published data showed that the SMCs of the nutrients and TSS are generally higher than SMCs reported for forested areas but lower than published SMCs for urban areas. Positive correlations (p < 5%) were found between loading and peak flow at locations most impacted by ubanisation or agricultural activities. Correlation between loading and rainfall variables was less distinct. EMC was found to correlate less with rainfall and flow variables compared to pollutant loading. Unlike loading, no consistent pattern exists linking EMC to any particular storm or flow variable in any of the catchments. Lastly, positive correlations were obtained between the particulate forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and TSS. 相似文献
167.
Yan Zhang Donghui Chen Liang Chen Stephanie Ashbolt 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):222-226
Rainwater is a traditional but underutilized water resource that has today had a resurgence due to the worldwide water crisis. This paper demonstrates the outcomes of research on the feasibility of rainwater use in high-rise residential envelopes for four Australian cities of Melbourne, Sydney, Perth and Darwin. Different climate patterns and various levels of water demand management were established for determination of storage dimensions; annual tank water use; reduction in both imported water flow and stormwater disposal; and water spillage from tanks. High level water demand management was a profoundly effective tool for reducing potable water supply, especially in combination with rainwater use. The economic feasibility of rainwater use systems were estimated; with Sydney having the shortest payback period compared to other cities either both with 3A rated appliances (8.6 years) or 5A ones installed (10.4 years). That was due to the higher and more consistent rainfall in Sydney. An outcome of this study was that Sydney was likely most suited to rainwater use, followed by Perth, Darwin, and then Melbourne. The objective of this study was to fill in the gap in estimating feasibility of rainwater use in various Australian cities. This investigation endeavors to provide assistance to water authorities and urban planners of Australian cities with the consideration of the potential of rainwater harvesting. 相似文献
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Nicholas J.P. Wawryk Caley B. Craven Lindsay K. Jmaiff Blackstock Xing-Fang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):151-159
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water. While over 700 DBPs have been identified, the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood. Additionally, ever evolving water treatment practices have led to a continually growing list of DBPs. Advancement of analytical technologies have enabled the identification of new classes of DBPs and the quantification of these chemically diverse sets of DBPs. Here we summarize advances in new workflows for DBP analysis, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and data processing. To aid in the selection of techniques for future studies, we discuss necessary considerations for each step in the strategy. This review focuses on how each step of a workflow can be optimized to capture diverse classes of DBPs within a single method. Additionally, we highlight new MS-based approaches that can be powerful for identifying novel DBPs of toxicological relevance. We discuss current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions with respect to studying new DBPs of toxicological relevance. As analytical technologies continue to advance, new strategies will be increasingly used to analyze complex DBPs produced in different treatment processes with the aim to identify potential drivers of toxicity. 相似文献
170.