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371.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对垃圾填埋处理场渗滤液的处理工艺研究,并根据渗滤液的特性建立一套适合我国实际的 A— O— C— C L 处理工艺.试验研究结果表明,出水ρ( C O D Cr) = 205 .6 mg L- 1 、ρ( B O D5) = 18 .2 mg L- 1 、ρ( N H3 - N) ≈0mg L- 1 、色度= 40( 倍) 、n( 大肠菌群数) = 200 个 L- 1 .达到 G B16889 - 1997《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》中对垃圾渗滤液排放要求的二级标准 相似文献
372.
污水氯和二氧化氯消毒过程中溶解性有机物变化的三维荧光光谱解析 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
采用三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)技术对污水在氯和二氧化氯消毒过程中溶解性有机物(DOM)的变化进行了初步解析.结果表明,与饮用水、地表水等不同,生物处理出水含有较多的芳香族蛋白质和溶解性微生物代谢产物,且其中的腐殖质主要为生物源,芳香性较弱.在氯和二氧化氯消毒后,污水DOM中的芳香族蛋白质和微生物代谢产物类物质的荧光峰发生蓝移,即峰值的激发或发射波长减少了几个nm,这可能由芳香环结构的破坏引起;而腐殖质类物质的荧光峰发生红移,即峰值的激发或发射波长增加了几个到二十几个nm,此现象与地表水相反,可能与腐殖质的来源不同有关.与遗传毒性的变化类似,氨氮对水样氯消毒后的荧光变化有明显影响,但对二氧化氯消毒后的荧光变化无明显影响. 相似文献
373.
二沉池出水的电化学消毒试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
对德国威斯巴登城市污水处理厂和上海石化股份公司水质净化厂二沉池出水分别进行了电化学消毒试验。试验结果表明,用电化学方法对威斯巴登城市污水处理厂和上海石化股份公司水质净化厂二沉池出水进行消毒是可行的,消毒效果好,耗电少,杀菌率随电流、处理时间的增加而提高。 相似文献
374.
超声波对城市污水处理厂出水消毒的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对于城市污水处理厂出水,传统消毒方法存在很多的弊端,实验对超声波消毒进行研究,探索城市污水处理厂出水消毒的新工艺。采用21.51 kHz与32.36 kHz 2个频率的超声波,通过改变超声波的频率、强度、辐照时间等因子,考察总大肠菌群的灭活情况。对超声波消毒效果、消毒机理及超声波与紫外线协同消毒效果进行了研究探讨。结果表明,超声消毒效果随超声时间及声密度的增大而增大;时间和声密度相同情况下,32.36 kHz超声的消毒效果强于21.51 kHz;对水体进行少量曝气时,消毒效果明显增强。超声波消毒技术与紫外消毒技术联用,10 s超声波预处理加20 s紫外消毒,总大肠菌群灭活率可达到4.5个对数单位,要优于1 min紫外消毒达到的3.7个对数单位,且能耗更低。 相似文献
375.
Microcosm investigations of stormwater pond sediment toxicity to embryonic and larval amphibians: variation in sensitivity among species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Snodgrass JW Casey RE Joseph D Simon JA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):291-297
Stormwater ponds have become common features of modern development and often represent significant amounts of open space in urbanized areas. Although stormwater ponds may provide habitat for wildlife, factors responsible for producing variation in wildlife use of ponds have received limited attention. To investigate the role of variation in species tolerances of pollutants in structuring pond-breeding amphibian assemblages, we exposed species tolerant (Bufo americanus) and not tolerant (Rana sylvatica) of urbanization to pond sediments in laboratory microcosms. Pond microcosms had elevated sediment metal levels and chloride water concentrations. Among R. sylvatica embryos, exposure to pond sediments resulted in 100% mortality. In contrast, B. americanus embryos and larvae experienced only sublethal effects (i.e., reduced size at metamorphosis) due to pond sediment exposure. Our results suggest variation in pollutant tolerance among early developmental stages of amphibians may act in concert with terrestrial habitat availability to structure amphibian assemblages associated with stormwater ponds. 相似文献
376.
Xin Zhou Xiaoya Ren Yu Chen Haopeng Feng Jiangfang Yu Kang Peng Yuying Zhang Wenhao Chen Jing Tang Jiajia Wang Lin Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):29
377.
378.
Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants in stormwater ponds can lead to a number of water quality problems including high nutrient, chemical contaminant, and bacterial levels. This study examined the interaction between land use and coastal pond water quality in a South Carolina residential subdivision pond. Eutrophic levels of chlorophyll and phosphorus were present in all seasons. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms were prevalent during the summer months. Microcystin toxin and fecal coliform bacteria levels were measured that exceeded health and safety standards. Low concentrations of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D) were also detected during summer months. Drainage from the stormwater pond may transport contaminants into the adjacent tidal creek and estuary. A survey of residents within the pond's watershed indicated poor pet waste management and frequent use of fertilizers and pesticides as possible contamination sources. Educational and outreach activities were provided to community members to create an awareness of the water quality conditions in the pond. Pond management strategies were then recommended, and selected mitigation actions were implemented. Water quality problems identified in this study have been observed in other coastal stormwater ponds of varying size and salinity, leading this project to serve as a potential model for coastal stormwater pond management. 相似文献
379.
A systematic approach for the comparative assessment of stormwater pollutant removal potentials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper describes the development of a methodology to theoretically assess the stormwater pollutant removal performances of structural best management practices (BMPs). The method combines the categorisation of the relative importance of the primary removal processes within 15 different BMPs with an evaluation of the ability of each process to remove a pollutant in order to generate a value representing the pollutant removal potential for each BMP. The methodology is demonstrated by applying it separately to a set of general water quality indicators (total suspended solids, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, nitrates, phosphates and faecal coliforms) to produce a ranked list of BMP pollutant removal efficiencies. Given the limited amount of available monitoring data relating to the differential pollutant removal capabilities of BMPs, the resulting prioritization will support stakeholders in making urban drainage decisions from the perspective of pollutant removal. It can also provide inputs to existing urban hydrology models, which aim to predict the treatment performances of BMPs. The level of resilience of the proposed approach is tested using a sensitivity analysis and the limitations in terms of BMP design and application are discussed. 相似文献
380.
Impediments and Solutions to Sustainable,Watershed-Scale Urban Stormwater Management: Lessons from Australia and the United States 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Roy AH Wenger SJ Fletcher TD Walsh CJ Ladson AR Shuster WD Thurston HW Brown RR 《Environmental management》2008,42(2):344-359
In urban and suburban areas, stormwater runoff is a primary stressor on surface waters. Conventional urban stormwater drainage systems often route runoff directly to streams and rivers, thus exacerbating pollutant inputs and hydrologic disturbance, and resulting in the degradation of ecosystem structure and function. Decentralized stormwater management tools, such as low impact development (LID) or water sensitive urban design (WSUD), may offer a more sustainable solution to stormwater management if implemented at a watershed scale. These tools are designed to pond, infiltrate, and harvest water at the source, encouraging evaporation, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, and re-use of stormwater. While there are numerous demonstrations of WSUD practices, there are few examples of widespread implementation at a watershed scale with the explicit objective of protecting or restoring a receiving stream. This article identifies seven major impediments to sustainable urban stormwater management: (1) uncertainties in performance and cost, (2) insufficient engineering standards and guidelines, (3) fragmented responsibilities, (4) lack of institutional capacity, (5) lack of legislative mandate, (6) lack of funding and effective market incentives, and (7) resistance to change. By comparing experiences from Australia and the United States, two developed countries with existing conventional stormwater infrastructure and escalating stream ecosystem degradation, we highlight challenges facing sustainable urban stormwater management and offer several examples of successful, regional WSUD implementation. We conclude by identifying solutions to each of the seven impediments that, when employed separately or in combination, should encourage widespread implementation of WSUD with watershed-based goals to protect human health and safety, and stream ecosystems. 相似文献