正确认识燃烧现象

本文主要剖析了燃烧的过程及类型 ,帮助人们了解和掌握更多的燃烧知识 ,纠正长期存在的一些错误观念。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫主要工艺

简要介绍燃煤电厂烟气脱硫（FGD）的湿法，半干法，干法，可回收工艺和联合SO2／NOx工艺等五类主要工艺，并对我国烟气脱硫技术的进展进行了探讨，指出我国烟气脱硫技术的发展应走国产化的道路。     

Explosion parameters of wood chip-derived syngas in air

The wood gasification process poses serious concerns about the risk of explosion. The design of prevention and mitigation measures requires the knowledge of safety parameters, such as the maximum explosion pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the gas deflagration index, K_G, at standard ambient temperature (25 °C) and pressure (1 bar) conditions. However, the analysis at specific process conditions is strongly recommended, as the explosion behavior of gas mixtures may be completely different.In the work presented in this paper, the explosion behavior of mixtures with composition representative of wood chip-derived syngas (CO/H₂/CH₄/CO₂/N₂ mixtures with and without H₂O) was experimentally studied in a closed combustion chamber. Experiments were run at two temperatures, 300 °C and 10 °C, and at atmospheric pressure. Test conditions were requested by the safety engineering designer of an existing industrial-scale wood gasification plant. In order to identify the specific fuel–air ratios to be analyzed, thus reducing the number of experimental tests, a preliminary thermo-kinetic study was performed.Results have shown that the mixtures investigated can be classified as low-reactivity mixtures, the higher value of K_G found (∼36 bar m/s) being much lower than the K_G value of methane (55 bar m/s @ 25 °C).     

植被在大气汞收支中作用的研究进展与展望

在汞的生物地球化学循环中,对于"源"和"汇"的认识还存在许多不确定性。大气汞收支不平衡的问题使得植被在汞循环中的作用日益凸现;开展植被在大气汞收支中作用的研究有助于为全球汞减排政策的制定提供参考。本文首先概述了植被中汞的来源和影响因素及其与大气汞的源汇关系;进而重点论述了植被参与大气汞收支的主要方式:凋落物沉降、生物质燃烧和植被表面与大气汞的动态交换,并阐述了植被在大气汞污染监测中的应用;最后在总结我国相关研究的基础上展望了未来的发展方向。     

多火源火旋风相互作用的实验研究

为研究多火源条件下火旋风的相互作用,利用四面边墙夹缝式实验装置对3种不同直径油盘形成的火旋风进行实验研究。由电子天平记录的燃料质量随时间变化曲线,得到准稳态阶段火旋风的质量燃烧速率;利用摄像机记录的火焰连续图像,获得火焰高度;基于实验现象及实验数据对质量燃烧速率、火焰高度和火焰形态的分析,提出多火源火旋风质量燃烧速率和火焰高度的半经验线性关系式。研究表明:大直径油盘形成的火旋风比小直径油盘更容易受到拖拽力和涡量的作用影响。     

Marsh Sensitivity to Burning of Applied Crude Oil

This research note summarizes Spartina alterniflora and Sagittaria lancifolia sensitivity to oiling and in situ burning of applied oil. Experimental plots (2.4 m × 2.4 m × 0.6 m) were constructed in salt and freshwater marsh habitats and South Louisiana Crude (SLC) applied (2 l m⁻²) to stems and leaves of marsh plants of oil and oil/burn treatment plots. Burning was initiated mid-August when winds were calm and a 15-25 cm floodwater layer covered the marsh substrate. Vegetative responses (stem density, height, carbon assimilation and biomass production) were measured for approximately one year following the in situ burns. Application of oil and burning of SLC only had short-term detrimental effects on salt and freshwater marsh vegetation. About one year after burns, vegetative responses measured in oiled and oiled/burned plots approached or exceeded control (no oil or burn) values. Field results suggest, under our experimental conditions, in situ burning of spilled oil in S. alterniflora and S. lancifolia marshes may be a remediation operation to consider.     

浅析无锡城市垃圾处理发展方向

对垃圾成分和数量进行了分析,结合国内外垃圾处理的发展状况,针对无锡市的实际情况,提出了加强垃圾分类收集,以分选回收、焚烧、再生等手段实现垃圾的资源化系统。     

脉冲袋式除尘器在电厂燃煤锅炉烟气净化中的应用

介绍了脉冲袋式除尘器的特点及在130t/h和35 t/h电厂燃煤锅炉上的成功应用实例,同时对袋式除尘器在电厂燃煤锅炉烟气净化中的应用提出了几点建议.     

计划烧除攀枝花苏铁林区地面覆盖物对苏铁生长和土壤理化性质的影响

选择攀枝花苏铁林下计划烧除试验后苏铁及其根系周围土壤(0~15 cm)为对象,研究火烧对攀枝花苏铁植株生长、叶片生理和苏铁根系周围土壤理化性质的影响,以期为区域攀枝花苏铁种群恢复和生态环境保护提供理论依据.结果表明:计划烧除区域苏铁成年树的株数及株高没有显著变化,新生叶片数目和幼苗株数相对未烧除区域显著增加,增幅分别达201.66%和317.7%;烧除区域苏铁植株新生叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b,可溶性糖、蛋白质含量,硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量,C/N、N/P比与对照区域新生叶片相比无显著性差异,只有类胡萝卜素含量显著降低.计划烧除改变了苏铁根围土壤(0~15 cm)的理化性质,表现在烧除后的土壤含水量、pH值及总N、P、K含量显著降低;但是,火烧显著提高了土壤有机碳(TOC)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量,微生物量C、N含量也略有升高;这说明火烧有利于增加苏铁林下土壤养分(N)的有效性,为烧除后苏铁快速恢复生长提供有利条件.     

基于MODIS火点数据分析南北方省份生物质开放式燃烧与排放特征

利用2018年全国范围内的MODIS火点数据,结合土地利用数据信息,运用地理信息系统空间分析方法和统计分析方法,以火点数据、生物量及各污染物排放量为指标,分析了南北方省份生物质开放燃烧的时空特征.计算结果显示,北方省份森林火灾、草原火灾、秸秆露天焚烧生物量分别为107×10⁴、74×10⁴、498×10⁴ t,南方省份则分别为344×10⁴、106×10⁴、164×10⁴ t.研究结果表明：①地域因素及气象因素是影响生物质开放燃烧时空特征的主要因素.②北方省份生物质开放式燃烧以秸秆露天焚烧为主,森林火灾主要因气候导致.南方省份生物质开放式燃烧以森林火灾为主,高发于春季,主要因南方存在"炼山"整地的传统营林措施.③南方省份虽然整体生物质开放式燃烧活动水平较北方省份低,但污染物排放强度较北方省份要高.