上海市在用车监测与维修制度探讨

根据上海市机动车辆的管理现状，提出上海市在用车I/M制度体系网络、监测方法、数据收集网络与“通过/不通过”排放限值方面的基本设想，为建立一个真正有效的在用车监测与维修制度提供依据。     

基于实测的燃煤电厂氟排放特征

选择我国4家电厂的6台煤粉锅炉,进行了烟气以及飞灰、底渣、脱硫石膏等燃煤副产物样品的采集和F(氟)含量分析,考察燃煤电厂F排放特征. 结果表明:经过烟气除尘、脱硫及脱硝装置后,烟气中氟化物浓度明显降低; 除尘器主要脱除烟气中颗粒态F,静电除尘器对烟气中氟化物的总脱除效率为19.50%~36.59%,布袋除尘器的脱除效率略高于静电除尘器;石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置可协同脱除烟气中94.19%的氟化物. 燃煤中的F经过燃烧和烟气净化装置后,有0.83%~3.37%由底渣排放;1.20%~2.00%转移到脱硫废水中;13.45%~33.80%转移到飞灰中;59.60%~79.66%转移到脱硫石膏中;只有2.04%~5.00%通过烟囱排入大气.      

可燃有毒气体报警仪系统设置现状及应用探讨

针对当前可燃、有毒气体报警仪系统管理的日趋严格,综合归纳了在役装置可燃、有毒气体报警仪系统设置现状,重点分析了在役装置报警仪系统的不足及在实际应用中常见的问题,并提出相关整改建议和注意事项。     

基于Spark Streaming流回归的煤矿瓦斯浓度实时预测

为了实时分析瓦斯监测流数据并对瓦斯浓度进行准确预测以实现瓦斯灾害实时预警,以实时流数据处理框架Spark Streaming构建基于流回归的瓦斯浓度实时预测系统。系统采用分布式流处理技术,可使基于回归算法的瓦斯浓度预测模型更新周期达到秒级,提高了瓦斯浓度预测精度,满足流式大数据处理的实时性要求。实验表明:应用Spark Streaming流回归预测系统在采样周期为5 s的瓦斯监测数据流上进行实时预测时,预测平均均方根误差随模型更新周期的缩短而减小,模型更新周期可达15 s,且更新周期为45 s时预测总均方根误差最小,既能保证预测精度,又能提高瓦斯灾害预警时效。     

几种典型除尘器收集效率的扩散模型研究

在气流速度均匀假设下用扩散理论建立了在重力沉降室、离心式除尘器和静电除尘器中粉尘粒子的浓度分布，由此浓度分布模型和除尘效率定义得出这3种典型除尘器的分级除尘效率具有相同的表达式：η=1—exp(-Dλ^2L/u)．为了使这一由扩散理论导出的分级效率公式能够用于实际计算，给出了扩散系数D的确定方法和常数λ的计算式．     

Science-practice interactions linked to climate adaptation in two contexts: municipal planning and forestry in Sweden

This paper examines the science-practice interface in the process of adapting to climate change in society. This paper analyses science-based stakeholder dialogues with climate scientists, municipal officers and private individual forest owners in Sweden, and examines how local experts both share scientific knowledge and experience and integrate it into their work strategies and practices. The results demonstrate how local experts jointly conceptualise climate adaptation, how scientific knowledge is domesticated among local experts in dialogue with scientific experts, the emergence of anchoring devices, and the boundary-spanning functions that are at work in the respective sectors.     

各种采样装置用于HCs天然源采样的可行性研究

对不锈钢采样罐、小钢瓶、气体采样袋和不锈钢采样管（填充Ｔｅｎａｘ ＧＣ）等４种采样装置进行了碳氢天然源采样的可行性研究,发现,不锈钢采样罐密闭性好,内壁吸附少;不锈钢采样管对天然ＨＣｓ的吸附和解析效率均是或接近１００％,故是ＨＣｓ天然源较为理想的采样装置,小钢瓶和采样袋内壁吸附严重,气袋自身还不断释放一些Ｃ６以上碳氢化合物,不适于ＨＣｓ天然源采样,但采样袋可用于Ｃ５以下烃类的采集和贮存。     

Assessment of the Usefulness of Semipermeable Membrane Devices for Long-Term Watershed Monitoring in an Urban Slough System

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at eight sites within the Buffalo Slough, near Portland, Oregon, to (1) measure the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine (OC) compounds in the slough, (2) assess the usefulness of SPMDs as a tool for investigating and monitoring hydrophobic compounds throughout the Columbia Slough system, and (3) evaluate the utility of SPMDs as a tool for measuring the long-term effects of watershed improvement activities. Data from the SPMDs revealed clear spatial and seasonal differences in water quality within the slough and indicate that for hydrophobic compounds, this time-integrated passive-sampling technique is a useful tool for long-term watershed monitoring. In addition, the data suggest that a spiking rate of 2–5 μg/SPMD of permeability/performance reference compounds, including at least one compound that is not susceptible to photodegradation, may be optimum for the conditions encountered here.     

Waste collection multi objective model with real time traceability data

Waste collection is a highly visible municipal service that involves large expenditures and difficult operational problems, plus it is expensive to operate in terms of investment costs (i.e. vehicles fleet), operational costs (i.e. fuel, maintenances) and environmental costs (i.e. emissions, noise and traffic congestions). Modern traceability devices, like volumetric sensors, identification RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems, GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, permit to obtain data in real time, which is fundamental to implement an efficient and innovative waste collection routing model. The basic idea is that knowing the real time data of each vehicle and the real time replenishment level at each bin makes it possible to decide, in function of the waste generation pattern, what bin should be emptied and what should not, optimizing different aspects like the total covered distance, the necessary number of vehicles and the environmental impact. This paper describes a framework about the traceability technology available in the optimization of solid waste collection, and introduces an innovative vehicle routing model integrated with the real time traceability data, starting the application in an Italian city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The model is tested and validated using simulation and an economical feasibility study is reported at the end of the paper.