21世纪安全专业应用型人才的培养思路与模式

高等院校对人才的培养模式取决于社会对该类人才的需求和高校在其中应起的作用等因素。笔者在对市场作广泛调查的基础上重点论述 :2 1世纪安全工程专业培养的学生应当是应用型的 ,而应用型人才的培养既要考虑到其应用需求 ,更要考虑到学科的发展和教育人才的去向。以此为目的 ,笔者提出了 2 1世纪安全专业应用型人才的培养思路与模式 ,其中 ,多层次、全方位的办学方向、实践型的办学手段、开放型的办学形式分别是该模式的前提、基础与关键。还分析了通过上述途径实现“模式”的具体做法和努力方向     

北方人工湿地污水处理技术应用研究与示范工程

针对北方地区气候特点,开展了人工湿地污水处理技术在北方的单元应用研究与工程示范。在设计上对潜流湿地越冬深度、填料结构、布集水系统和水位调整导淤方式进行优化创新,并采取了预处理与人工湿地组合工艺调节各季节运行效果;通过单元实验研究了湿地应用的工艺条件(深度、水力负荷、污染负荷),以及湿地的保温效果与全年运行效率;介绍了利用该技术建设的示范工程概况,分析了其产生的经济、社会与环境效益。     

Variation in Sensitivity of Aquatic Species to Toxicants: Practical Consequences for Effect Assessment of Chemical Substances

5 –10⁶ times higher compared with less sensitive species. The use of assessment factors in effect assessment procedures may lead to an underestimation of effects on the more sensitive species. For many priority pollutants there is little information on their ecotoxicity. Predictive techniques are needed to compensate for this lack of data. Knowledge of the relation between modes of action of compounds and interspecies variation in sensitivity should be integrated in risk assessment procedures in order to make more efficient use of the limited financial resources available.     

河流治理与修复工程技术模式研究进展

我国"十三五"期间将开展大量河流修复的工程应用,但目前河流修复工程方案主要从治理技术的应用出发,对修复模式的考虑较少。文章综述了国内外关于河流水质改善的研究和工程报道,总结了在治理河流有机污染与营养盐污染中常用的在线和离线治理工程构建模式,为河流修复工程的设计和实施提供参考。     

A hybrid process for manufacturing surgical-grade knife blade cutting edges from bulk metallic glass

The demand for precision surgical knives is enormous. Currently, diamond knives have been the preferred choice among surgeons for use in precision surgeries, owing to the extreme hardness of diamond and the sharpness that can be achieved in single crystal diamond blades, but material and processing costs are high. Bulk metallic glass (BMG) has the potential to be an economically viable material of similar performance for use in precision surgical knives. To this end, a novel hybrid manufacturing process integrating thermally assisted micro-molding and micro-drawing has been developed for producing BMG surgical-grade knife blade cutting edges with edge radii <50 nm. A hybrid process testbed was designed and used to successfully run tests over a range of the key process variables. Through this testing the deformation of BMG under different strain rates and temperatures was studied in terms of the quality of edge formation. The hybrid process was shown to be capable of producing cutting edges of radius at or below 100 nm.     

浅谈资源城市环保产业发展现状及对策探讨

从煤炭资源型城市鹤岗市环保产业现状出发,立足我国环保产业发展方向,对鹤岗市环保产业现状、发展中存在的问题和障碍,进行了分析和探讨,并在此基础上提出了大力发展环保产业的对策和发展趋向。     

应用灰色模糊马尔科夫链预测海河水质变化趋势

灰色GM(1,1)模型在水质预测中得到了较为广泛的运用,但其存在灰色偏差与抗干扰能力弱的局限性,针对这一问题,将马尔科夫链理论与模糊集合理论引入灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,并应用该模型对海河三岔口断面的DO、CODMn和NH3-N 3项指标2012~2016年的浓度变化趋势进行预测.结果表明,2004~2016年,DO及NH3-N浓度大致呈上升趋势,预计2016年分别可达9.15,1.47mg/L;CODMn浓度呈下降趋势,预计2016年可达3.91mg/L.以2012年的数据做验证,灰色模糊马尔科夫链模型的预测精度最高,可作为科学的水质预测方法.     

铁路物流中心海产品高污染有机污水处理工艺研究

通过海产品加工生产污水处理站“设计施工系统联调联试”的全过程,对其污水性质及特点进行分析,采取以“气浮+ICER生化”为核心的污水处理工艺,结合污水处理系统联调联试,从提温降盐、确定混凝剂投放量及活性污泥培养驯化等方面进行工艺改进,以确保污水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 89781996)二级标准。     

1H NMR-based metabolomics of time-dependent responses of Eisenia fetida to sub-lethal phenanthrene exposure

¹H NMR-based metabolomics was used to examine the response of the earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of phenanthrene over time. Earthworms were exposed to 0.025 mg/cm² of phenanthrene (1/64th of the LC₅₀) via contact tests over four days. Earthworm tissues were extracted using a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water, resulting in polar and non-polar fractions that were analyzed by ¹H NMR after one, two, three and four days. NMR-based metabolomic analyses revealed heightened E. fetida responses with longer phenanthrene exposure times. Amino acids alanine and glutamate, the sugar maltose, the lipids cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine emerged as potential indicators of phenanthrene exposure. The conversion of succinate to fumarate in the Krebs cycle was also interrupted by phenanthrene. Therefore, this study shows that NMR-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for elucidating time-dependent relationships in addition to the mode of toxicity of phenanthrene in earthworm exposure studies.     

Spatial distribution of metals in soils in Baltimore, Maryland: role of native parent material, proximity to major roads, housing age and screening guidelines

We investigated the spatial distribution of heavy metal above-background (anthropic) contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn in Baltimore City surface soils and related these levels to potential contaminating sources. Composite soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were digested using a nitric and hydrochloric extraction technique. Slightly more than 10% of plots exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency screening guidelines for Pb. In a principal component analysis, the first component corresponded to Co, Cr, and Fe, which are constituents of local mafic rocks. The second component corresponded to Cu, Pb, and Zn which were significantly higher within than beyond a 100 m buffer of the major roads within the city; furthermore, Pb and Zn were higher in older residential lots.