Comparison of the droplet size spectra produced by rotary atomizers and hydraulic nozzles under simulated aerial application conditions

Abstract

A wind tunnel was used to characterize the droplet size spectra of liquid sprays from several different atomizers and nozzles used under simulated aerial application conditions. The atomizers included a D8–46 nozzle, a Through Valve Boom (TVB) nozzle, and rotary cage and drum atomizers.

The D8–46 hydraulic nozzle was evaluated, using water, at orientations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90° relative to 145 and 180 km/h airstreams. The TVB nozzle was evaluated using water, water with isopropyl alcohol, and water with a non‐ionic surfactant at airstream velocities between 130 and 180 km/h. The rotary atomizers were evaluated at different rotation rates, flow rates of water and an insecticide, in 130 and 180 km/h airstreams.

The volumetric droplet size spectra parameters (D_vo.x) decreased as the angle of the D8–46 nozzle and the airstream velocity increased. Empirical models were developed to predict these values for different windspeed and nozzle angle conditions. The TVB nozzle produced larger droplets than the other atomizers under similar conditions, with a decrease in the D_vo.x parameter values as the airstream velocity increased.

The D_vo.x parameter values produced by the rotary atomizers increased as the liquid flow rate increased, and as the rotation rate and airstream velocity decreased, and were lower for the insecticide than for water. The slotted rotary drum atomizer gave the best control over droplet size, generally producing mono‐modal droplet size spectra where the other atomizers often produced bi‐ and multimodal spectra.     

横向风作用下喷口间距对射流扩散火焰特征的影响研究*

为研究横向风作用下喷口间距对射流扩散火焰特征的影响,以双喷口火焰为研究对象,利用CCD摄像机拍摄火焰几何形态,研究横向风条件下喷口间距对火焰形态演化、火焰长度和火焰吹熄极限的影响。研究结果表明:喷口间距较小时,2束火焰因空气夹带竞争和压差作用,彼此相互倾斜融合,火焰融合概率随喷口间距增加而逐渐降低,火焰临界融合间距随横向风的增加先增大后减小;由于火焰的空气夹带和热反馈处于较高水平,2束火焰被少量拉伸,火焰长度先增加后减小;喷口间距较小时,火焰吹熄极限显著增加。     

可变喷嘴涡轮增压器(VNT)对高原地区车用柴油机性能与排放的影响研究

目的系统研究可变喷嘴涡轮增压器(VNT)对运行在高原地区的车用柴油机动力性、经济性以及排放性能的影响关系,为高原地区电控柴油机与VNT的匹配控制以及降低其污染物排放提供一定的理论指导。方法在海拔高度约为1960 m的高原地区,选取柴油机的典型运行工况,即低速1400 r/min全负荷、2200 r/min全负荷(最大转矩工况)以及4000 r/min全负荷(额定功率工况),通过试验研究VNT对柴油机性能与排放的影响。结果在低速工况,随着VNT喷嘴环开度的增大,动力性降低,经济性恶化;在最大转矩与额定功率工况,均存在一个最佳的VNT喷嘴环开度使得转矩最大,同时油耗最低。随着VNT喷嘴环开度的增大,进气流量、空燃比、中冷前压力、中冷前温度以及涡前压力均降低,而涡前温度升高。在三个典型运行工况下,随着VNT喷嘴环开度的增大,氮氧化物(NO_x)比排放逐渐降低,而烟度、一氧化碳(CO)以及碳氢(HC)比排放逐渐升高,VNT对HC排放的影响较小。结论在高原地区,通过减小VNT喷嘴环开度可以降低涡前温度,进而降低柴油机的热负荷,提高其可靠性,合理调节VNT喷嘴环开度可以获得较为满意的NO_x比排放与烟度排放。     

脱硫装置喷嘴国产化的可行性分析

通过对脱硫装置喷嘴的技术要求和材料要求进行分析,阐述了喷嘴国产化的可行性。     

新型旋切式气液两相喷嘴及内部流场数值模拟

本文在对各种气动性喷嘴及其雾化机理分析的基础上提出一种新型雾化喷嘴--旋切式气液两相喷嘴。该喷嘴具有结构简单、喷雾量无限可调、喷雾锥角调整灵活、防堵塞、雾化效果好的优点。通过CFD数值模拟研究发现,在旋切式喷嘴内部液流已经被气流剪切雾化成细小颗粒,其均匀的分散在气流中,在混合室内部形成气液混合流,形成一次雾化。当气液混合流脉冲喷出孔喷时,体积进一步膨胀,同时,高速液滴外部空气相互作用,产生二次雾化,促进了雾化效果。     

旋转水射流冲击压强的实验分析

利用测压排摄像自动读数法,测量了水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴所产生旋转射流的冲击压强。该方法对测压排内水面标志物进行连续摄像,然后利用计算机程序对所摄图像自动读数,可以用较低的成本较好地实现非恒定压强的测量。实验结果表明,对于水垫式旋转磨料射流喷嘴产生的旋转射流,切向入流与轴向入流流量之比（流量比）及之和（总流量）是其冲击压强的控制性因素,前者控制其分布和大小,后者只对其大小有影响;各股切向入流的流量不均匀性对射流冲击压强时均值的影响很小;冲击压强脉动强度随着作用位置到射流中心距离的增大而减小。     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫雾化增湿设计

烟气增湿对半干半湿法烟气脱硫起着关键作用。本文分析了空气雾化效果优于机械雾化效果;计算了FM10型空气喷嘴雾化粒径可满足给定烟气条件下的蒸发粒径;烟气流中雾羽角度收缩,喷嘴均匀布置于烟道,避免湿壁;烟气增湿后,袋式除尘器需采取良好的保温措施,应选用表面处理的易清灰滤料,圆筒状滤袋。     

高压天然气非恒定速率泄漏扩散数值模拟研究

为保障天然气工业安全生产与运营,以某天然气储配厂为例,采用等效喷嘴和过程模型,利用FLACS软件对罐区高压天然气非恒定速率泄漏扩散进行数值模拟,考察环境风速及泄漏时间对气体泄漏扩散的影响.结果表明:储存压力为1.05 MPa的天然气储罐发生泄漏会产生欠膨胀射流,泄漏初期具有447.44 kJ的高动能,并在近场扩散起主导...     

湿法烟气脱硫雾化喷嘴的数值模拟

用计算流体力学软件Fluent进行脱硫雾化喷嘴的内部流场的数值模拟,为喷嘴的优化设计找到一种准确、经济又快捷的方法,对加快脱硫设备国产化有一定的参考意义.     

Effects of injection timing,injector opening pressure and nozzle geometry on the performance of cottonseed oil methyl ester-fuelled diesel engine

Increasing petroleum prices, increasing threat to the environment from exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in developing renewable and alternative non-petroleum fuels for engines. Evolving technology and a recurring energy crisis necessitates a continuous investigation into the search for sustainable and clean-burning renewable fuels. In this paper, cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) was used in a four-stroke, single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine. Tests were carried out to study the effects of fuel injection timing, fuel injector opening pressure (IOP) and injector nozzle geometry on the performance and combustion of COME biodiesel fuel used in a compression ignition engine with a single fuel mode. Fuel injection timing varied from 19° to 27° before top dead centre (bTDC) in incremental steps of 4° bTDC; fuel IOP varied from 210 to 240 bar in incremental steps of 10 bar. Fuel nozzle injectors with three, four and five holes, each of 0.3 mm size, were selected for the study. The results suggested that with retarded injection timing of 19° bTDC, increased IOP of 230 bar and a four-hole nozzle injector of 0.3 mm size resulted in overall better engine performance with an increased brake thermal efficiency and reduced HC, CO and smoke emission levels.