Geographical analysis of tourism sites in Andaman Archipelago (India) and ecotourism development for Smith Island of North Andaman

This paper applies the nearest-neighbour analysis to analyse the clustering of tourist attractions in Andaman region and suggests ecotourism development for Smith Island of North Andaman using remote sensing techniques. The results indicated that present tourism sites are distributed in clusters in three regions (Port Blair, Mayabunder and Diglipur). To avoid concentration of tourism sites and population pressure in one particular area, there is a need to promote tourism to other locations as well. The study provided suggestions for ecotourism development in Smith Island after analysing its various ecological features to support the Andaman Administration’s vision to promote ecotourism.     

Assessment of the conservation value of Munseom area in Jeju Island,South Korea

The ecosystem of munseom area (MA) in Jeju Island, one of the marine protected areas in South Korea, has been continuously threatened by lack of management and pollution of the surrounding sea area. As a result, the South Korean government is trying to implement the systematic management plan to conserve the marine ecosystem of the MA. This article tries to obtain information about the conservation value of the MA. To this end, this study examines household willingness to pay (WTP) for conserving the MA employing the contingent valuation (CV) approach. A total of 1000 South Korean households were involved in the CV survey using a dichotomous choice question. The mean yearly WTP for the conservation is estimated as KRW 1763 (USD 1.50) per household. The national value expanded from the sample to the population is worth KRW 34.0billion (USD 29.0 million) per year. The results imply that the conservation is supported by South Korean households.     

Integrating Local Environmental Management and Federal/State Interests Through Governance: The Case of the Garden Island Environmental Advisory Committee

The apparently unresolvable differences between managing national defense and local conservation, public recreation, and scientific research can be overcome through an advisory committee, with a strong and dedicated entity to drive the processes of governance and change. The case of the Garden Island Environmental Advisory Committee shows how the organizational and political difficulties of integrating state interests and federal concerns were met. Garden Island, off the coast of Perth, the capital of the State of Western Australia, is a base for the Royal Australian Navy which is administered by the federal Department of Defence. Examples are given of the committee's approach to integrated environmental management and the implementation of the Navy's environmental policy.     

Introduced Species and Management of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothofagus/Austrocedrus</Emphasis> Forest

Isla Victoria (Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina), a large island dominated by native Nothofagus and Austrocedrus forest, has old plantations of many introduced tree species, some of which are famed invaders of native ecosystems elsewhere. There are also large populations of introduced deer and shrubs that may interact in a complex way with the introduced trees, as well as a recently arrived population of wild boar. Long-standing concern that the introduced trees will invade and transform native forest may be unwarranted, as there is little evidence of progressive invasion, even close to the plantations, despite over 50 years of opportunity. Introduced and native shrubs allow scattered introduced trees to achieve substantial size in abandoned pastures, but in almost all areas neither the trees nor the shrubs appear to be spreading beyond these sites. These shrub communities may be stable rather than successional, but the technology for restoring them to native forest is uncertain and probably currently impractical. Any attempt to remove the exotic tree seedlings and saplings from native forest would probably create the very conditions that would favor colonization by exotic plants rather than native trees, while simply clear-cutting the plantations would be unlikely to lead to regeneration of Nothofagus or Austrocedrus. The key to maintaining native forest is preventing catastrophic fire, as several introduced trees and shrubs would be favored over native dominant trees in recolonization. Deer undoubtedly interact with both native and introduced trees and shrubs, but their net effect on native forest is not yet clear, and specific management of deer beyond the current hunting by staff is unwarranted, at least if preventing tree invasion is the goal. The steep terrain and shallow soil make the recently arrived boar a grave threat to the native forest. Eradication is probably feasible and should be attempted quickly.     

Soils and vegetation of Santa Barbara Island,Channel Islands National Park,California, USA

The multifaceted development of an erosion surface on Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, has led to this study of the relationship between soils and vegetation. A dry Mediterranean climate and past attempts at farming and introductions of alien species have led to vegetative degradation accompanied by both gully and surface erosion. Soil and vegetation analyses show this erosion to be in a location of transition. The soils are Typic Chromoxererts (Vertisol Order) with high clay, salinity, and sodium contents. The vegetation is ecotonal in nature, grading from a principally alien annual grassland withAvena fatua andAtriplex semibaccata to a shrub community dominated by the nativeSuaeda californica. Management toward revegetation and stabilization of this island ecosystem will be difficult with high clay, saline-sodic soils and disturbed vegetation.     

浅谈黑瞎子岛开放开发初期的生态环境保护措施

黑瞎子岛位于中俄边界抚远县境内,原始生态环境良好,自然资源丰富,泡沼星罗棋布。为了在开发中保护岛内自然生态景观和湿地生态功能,应科学划分保护区范围、明确土地权属界限、建立生态补偿机制。     

基于3S技术的琅岐岛景观空间格局分析

以景观生态学理论为基础,选取2006年和2010年覆盖琅岐岛的遥感影像,利用3S技术,提取研究区两个时期的景观类型。然后选取斑块大小、斑块数量、斑块密度、面积加权平均形状指数和香农多样性指数等景观生态指标,从景观的基本构成、景观水平的破碎化与多样性、不同景观斑块的空间格局特征等方面分析琅岐岛的景观格局,并提出对研究区合理规划土地开发利用的建议。     

海南国际旅游岛旅游水环境现状调查与分析

界定了旅游水环境的概念,采用资料调查、咨询访问和个别现场调查等方法,对海南省旅游水环境进行了调查与分析。结果表明,海南省1989年至2008年旅游业的用水量占全省生活用水量的比例都很小,对海南水资源总量的影响也很小,2008年三亚市、海口市和万宁市三个城市的旅游业用水量之和占到全省旅游业总用水量的79.9%;海南省河流、水库、海域和地下水环境质量总体优良,仅有少量监测出现超标现象;在旅游水环境重点保护对象中,海南中部山区河流源头水、主要滨海旅游区近岸海域、三大河流和两大水库等水体水质均为优良,城镇、乡镇集中式生活饮用水水源地和城市河段大多数水体水质满足环境功能要求,有少量水体水质超标。河流、水库和个别城镇集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标主要是农业面源污染和生活污水的污染。乡镇集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标的主要原因是受海水、生活污水、生活垃圾、分散式畜禽养殖污水等的渗透污染和土壤中铁、猛背景值含量较高所致。     

海南岛干季化学风化产物输出及其控制因素

根据2014年1月实测的海南岛昌化江径流化学组成,运用物质平衡法和相关分析法估算化学径流组成的来源和控制因素,探讨流域化学风化产物HCO_3~-和溶解性硅(DSi)的输出及生态环境意义。结果表明昌化江流域水体呈中偏弱碱性,化学径流组成阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,阳离子以Ca~(2+)、Na~+为主。其中,77.30%的离子源于流域内硅酸盐岩的化学风化,1.38%的离子来源于碳酸盐岩风化,大气沉降对化学径流的贡献为5.45%,人类活动对干、支流化学径流的贡献分别为15.90%与21.04%,差异显著(P0.01)。地貌条件、岩性及径流深度是影响流域化学径流组成的关键因素。昌化江流域干季输入南海的HCO_3~-和DSi量分别为2.12×10~8 mol、1.38×10~8 mol,是南海海洋生态系统初级生产力的主要物质来源之一,在南海生态系统物质循环预算中不可忽视。     

潮滩湿地土壤有机碳储量及其与土壤理化因子的关系——以崇明东滩为例

基于上海崇明东滩2013年3月的实测数据,借助ArcGIS软件进行Kriging空间插值,运用SPSS 21.0软件进行相关分析及通径分析,研究了崇明东滩表层30 cm深度土壤有机碳含量以及环境因子的空间分布特征,并对土壤有机碳储量进行了估算.结果表明,崇明东滩表层30 cm深度土壤有机碳密度介于1.02～5.22kg· m-2之间,平均值为2.32 kg·m-2,土壤有机碳储量为1.15×10s kg.土壤有机碳含量、土壤全盐量、含水量和NDVI指数的空间分布规律类似,呈现北高南低、高潮滩高而低潮滩低的趋势.中值粒径和容重的空间分布规律类似,表现为北低南高,高潮滩小于低潮滩.高程和pH值的空间分布规律不明显,空间变异性较小.7项环境因子与土壤有机碳含量都存在显著相关性,其中土壤全盐量是影响崇明东滩表层土壤有机碳含量的最主要因子.