台湾:从粤东沿海逆时针旋转而来的陆块

从台湾岛基本地质特征出发,通过与大陆东南沿海及邻近地区之间的地质对比,提出关于台湾岛成因的新假说,即台湾岛是在晚中生代随着东南大陆的离散而逐渐分离出去的一个陆块,并经历逆时针旋转,于中新世以后在福建沿海与大陆碰撞拼贴.     

Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

The impacts of economic forest on global environmental change(GEC) are one of the hot issues in environmental study. Based on the 3-year observation data and 40-year climate data, GEC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by thecanopy of the plantations accounted for 11.4-5 % of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23.71%, the total evaporation and transpiration for 63.24%, the soil moisture storage for 1.6%. Analysis of the 40year rainfall data in the 19 counties of Hainan Island during 1951—1990 showed that the large-scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1) 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 11.6% rubberplantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3) although the rubberplantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and I‘otal GDP ofHainan in 1997 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1.0 RMB Yuan/m3 . The value of hydrological of therubber plantation in Hainan was 113.9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco-service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.     

Impacts of land cover change on plant and bird species diversity in Hainan Island,China

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舟山饮用水源中铁锰污染及其成因分析

根据2008年8月到2009年12月对浙江省舟山本岛与普陀山岛的饮用水源的水质监测数据,分析了舟山饮用水源中铁、锰污染特征,并结合各类饮用水源的本身特性,探讨了铁、锰超标成因.结果表明:舟山水库与河流中铁、锰浓度在6～11月较高,铁、锰浓度超标主要发生在9～11月.个别水库中铁、锰浓度在夏季呈现明显的垂直分布规律.舟山...     

人工浮岛在丁香湖水质改善中的应用

针对丁香湖水体恶化产生蓝藻的问题,在湖中设置人工浮岛对水质进行改善,浮岛植物以凤眼莲为主,辅以美人蕉等搭配.人工浮岛运行后,对水体中TN、TP指标净化效果良好,TN的去除率为48.1%～52.1%,TP的去除率为55.0%～64.4%,而且具有一定的景观效果.     

城市餐厨垃圾产量的空间降尺度模拟

文章以厦门岛为例,采用多元回归模拟和空间分析技术相结合的方法,选取了与厦门岛城市餐厨垃圾产量相关的土地利用、GDP、人口等相关社会经济地理因子进行空间化模拟研究。结果表明:(1)所选地理因子均对餐厨垃圾密度空间分布有一定影响,其中商住混合用地、商业服务用地、城镇住宅用地和城中村用地等土地利用类型的面积比例是主要的影响因子。(2)受多种因素共同影响,筼筜湖周边及厦门岛西南等商业繁华的区域餐厨垃圾密度较高,呈现空间集聚效应。(3)模型验证结果较为理想,各街道内餐厨垃圾总量模拟值与统计值比较符合,实现了厦门岛餐厨垃圾总量的降尺度模拟,是研究城市餐厨垃圾分布规律和实现餐厨垃圾产量空间化的一种尝试,以便为城市餐厨垃圾科学管理和决策提供参考,为餐厨垃圾资源化回收利用提供基础空间数据。     

基于能值分析的无居民海岛承载力:以青岛市大岛为例

采用能值分析的方法对青岛市大岛这一无居民海岛的承载力进行了研究。在大岛生态系统外边界界定为由其海岸线向海一侧扩展1 km范围的情况下,得出以下结论:大岛生态系统每年能值使用量为8.43E+18sej,其中潮汐能提供了绝大部分的能值;大岛生态系统的经济价值为1.16E+07元/a;在维持大岛生态系统可持续发展的情况下,其承载力为1 130人,但是其能值贡献主要来自于大岛周边海域生态系统。     

Seasonality of spawning by tropical anguillid eels around Sulawesi Island, Indonesia

Remarkably little is known about the life histories of the many tropical anguillid eels distributed across the Indo-Pacific region, and since the Danish expedition to study eels in the region in 1928 and 1929, research on these eels has only begun again in recent years. Sampling for anguillid leptocephali in the Indonesian Seas has been carried out recently to learn about the spawning ecology and larval distributions of tropical eels there. The leptocephali of Anguilla marmorata, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, Anguilla borneensis, Anguilla interioris, and Anguilla celebesensis were collected around Sulawesi Island both in May 2001 and October of 2002. The development of genetic identification techniques has enabled these leptocephali to be identified to species, and their distributions and sizes during different seasons indicated that there are differing life history patterns among sympatric species in the region. A. celebesensis was found to have been spawning in Tomini Bay of northeastern Sulawesi Island in March and April 2001, but apparently, no spawning had occurred in the late summer and fall of 2002. Studies on anguillid glass eels have suggested that tropical anguillids may spawn throughout much of year, but our research on leptocephali in Tomini Bay and data on the downstream migration of tropical anguillids in the major tributary to Tomini Bay indicate that A. celebesensis may have a distinct seasonal pattern of spawning possibly related to the regional monsoon cycles. This is the first evidence of seasonality of spawning in tropical anguillid eels whose life histories are only just beginning to be revealed.     

长兴岛陆源排污总量控制

根据长兴岛规划布局,设定三种排污口排海方案.在此基础上,基于海洋环境容量的基本理论,对各种排放方案的COD、无机氮和活性磷酸盐允许排放量进行预测计算.计算结果将为长兴岛临港工业区排污口方案优化和排海污染物总量控制规划编制提供科学依据.     

崇明东滩景观格局的生态学分析与评价

在崇明岛功能区划的基础上,利用2006年的遥感影像对崇明东滩的景观类型进行解译,并对景观格局变化和植被覆盖度进行了分析与评价。结果表明:崇明东滩的景观面貌已经由原始潮滩演化出目前多达11种斑块类型。从景观空间形态指标和景观组分指标分析结果来看,崇明东滩的生境破碎化趋势已经显现,但从景观空间关系指标和Shannon均匀性指标分析结果来看,景观聚集度和连通度尚处于较高水平(分别为96.27和99.15),均匀度尚较大(0.59)。崇明东滩的植被覆盖度主要集中在0.3至0.9之间,植被覆盖度整体上尚处于较高水平。