Innovatively employing magnetic CuO nanosheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater

Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na_2SO_4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO_3, Na_2HPO_4, NaHCO_3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(~1O_2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(~·OH or SO_4~(·-)).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of~1O_2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.     

Degradation of organic contaminants through the activation of oxygen using zero valent copper coupled with sodium tripolyphosphate under neutral conditions

In this study,sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP) was used to promote the removal of organic pollutants in a zero-valent copper(ZVC)/O_2 system under neutral conditions for the first time.20 mg/L p-nitrophenol(PNP) can be completely decomposed within 120 min in the ZVC/O_2/STPP system.The PNP degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate of PNP gradually increased upon the decreasing ZVC particle size.The optimal pH of the reaction system was 5.0.Our mechanism investigation showed that Cu~+generated by ZVC corrosion was the main reducing agent for the activation of 02 to produce ROS.-OH was identified as the only ROS formed during the degradation of PNP and its production pathway was the double-electron activation of O_2(O_2→H_2 O_2→·OH).In this process,STPP did not only promote the release of Cu~+through its complexation,but also promoted the production of OH by reducing the redox potential of Cu~(2+)/Cu~+.In addition,we could initiate and terminate the reaction by controlling the pH.At pH 8.1,ZVC/02/STPP could continuously degrade organic pollutants;at pH 8.1,the reaction was terminated.STPP was recycled to continuously promote the corrosion of ZVC and O_2 activation as long as the pH was 8.1.This study provided a new and efficient way for O_2 activation and organic contaminants removal.     

SO32-活化S2O82-降解偶氮染料废水的机制研究

为深度处理偶氮染料废水,以甲基橙（MO）为目标污染物,研究了亚硫酸盐活化过硫酸盐产活性物种的新型高级氧化处理方法,并对活化机制、氧化机理及动力学理论进行分析.通过对SO₃^2-/S₂O₈^2-,S₂O₈^2-,SO₃^2-3种体系进行降解对比和ESR等技术表征对比,发现亚硫酸盐能显著活化过硫酸根产生硫酸根自由基,其能氧化破坏MO偶氮双键形成的共轭体系,有较好的脱色降解效果.考察了亚硫酸盐和过硫酸盐摩尔比、过硫酸盐投加量、初始pH值对降解效果的影响,结果表明当初始pH值为3.0,摩尔比1：1,投加量为20.0mmol/L、反应时间在300min下对MO降解率能达到96.1%,进一步发现该体系对初始pH值的适应范围较广（3.0~11.0）.基于Box-behnken设计的响应面模拟和方差分析得到了可达显著水平的二次响应曲面模型,影响因子对MO降解的贡献排序为：过硫酸盐投加量 > 初始pH值 > 摩尔比.初始MO浓度动力学分析发现不同初始浓度下对MO的降解过程遵循准二级反应动力学规律,反应动力学常数从1.8212×10^-4~2.4649×10^-4min^-1.另一方面发现升高反应温度可以促进体系对MO的降解,根据不同温度下活化过程的反应速率常数的阿累尼乌斯准二级反应的活化能计算结果（E_a=44.9kJ/mol）,发现其相比常规金属活化方式较低,因此该体系对有毒有害的工业有机废水处理有潜在的商业应用价值.     

UV强化草酸络合Fe3+活化过硫酸盐氧化降解苯胺

采用UV-草酸络合Fe~(3+)[UV-Fe(C_2O_4)3-3]活化过硫酸钠(PS)氧化降解苯胺,研究了Fe(C_2O_4)3-3浓度,PS浓度,pH对PS活化效率及苯胺氧化降解效果的影响机制.结果表明,Fe(C_2O_4)3-3浓度和pH决定了UV-Fe(C_2O_4)3-3体系中Fe~(3+)向Fe2+的转化过程,并对活化PS氧化降解苯胺产生显著影响.随着Fe(C_2O_4)3-3浓度增加,PS的分解率不断提高,但当浓度高于0.75 mmol·L~(-1)时,草酸根离子(C2O_2-4)对硫酸根自由基(SO·-4)的竞争以及SO·-4之间的相互淬灭作用降低了苯胺的降解效果,降解速率大小顺序为5 mmol·L~(-1)0.25 mmol·L~(-1)0.5 mmol·L~(-1)1 mmol·L~(-1)0.75 mmol·L~(-1);中性和碱性条件不利于Fe(C_2O_4)3-3发生光化学反应生成Fe2+,但当初始pH为7和9时,由于PS活化分解过程降低反应体系pH,反应300min时PS的活化率可分别达到74%和67%,苯胺去除率分别高达91%和97%,均高于初始pH为酸性条件下的结果;苯胺降解率随初始PS浓度增加而增大,当PS浓度大于10 mmol·L~(-1)时,苯胺降解过程由二级反应变为准一级反应,但此时过量的PS因与SO·-4发生反应而显著降低PS用于氧化降解苯胺的利用率.     

天然有机物活化过硫酸盐降解土壤有机污染物效果

采用模拟装置研究了不同大分子物质(多聚糖、腐殖酸、柠檬酸)联合亚铁离子和不同糖类(单聚糖、双聚糖、多聚糖)活化过硫酸盐氧化降解土壤中石油烃、多环芳烃的氧化效果和机制.结果表明,不同活化过硫酸盐对总石油烃和多环芳烃的降解效果依次为:腐殖酸联合亚铁离子多糖柠檬酸螯合铁多糖加亚铁离子双糖单糖CK对照组.其中,腐殖酸联合亚铁离子活化过硫酸盐对两种污染物的去除效率最高,分别达79.21%和79.89%,处理后土壤中石油烃的反弹含量最小,氧化效果最稳定.此外,腐殖酸联合亚铁离子和多糖活化过硫酸盐对难降解的高环多环芳烃均能实现很好的去除效果,降解效率分别达77.96%和84.37%,相比其他处理提高了14.37%~59.10%和20.78%~65.51%.腐殖酸联合亚铁离子活化处理后土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)最高(618~676 m V),多糖处理次之,表明大分子材料活化过硫酸盐的氧化性能最好,能高效去除土壤中有机污染物.     

加热与零价铁活化S2O8^2-氧化降解偶氮染料AO7的研究

以偶氮染料酸性橙AO7为目标污染物,研究了单独的热活化及零价铁（ZVI）活化S2O28-（PS）降解AO7过程温度、PS浓度及ZVI投加量对AO7降解率的影响,并将2种活化方式进行了对比,最终将其联合以期获得最好的降解效果.结果表明,热活化体系对AO7的降解符合一级动力学,其反应速率随温度（室温～90℃）升高而增加,随...     

低钙粉煤灰活化制备防水涂料的试验研究

粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排放的粉状固体废弃物,已带来诸多的生态、环境问题。文章以攀枝花电厂低钙粉煤灰为原料,通过对其改性、化学激发制备具有较好防水效果、高掺量、高附加值的水泥基粉煤灰防水涂料。研究了粉煤灰改性、化学激发,以及同时改性与化学激发三种状况下所形成的粉煤灰防水涂料产品性能。研究了硫酸盐、硅酸盐两种化学激发剂体系下粉煤灰防水涂料性能。通过微观XRD、SEM分析,研究了粉煤灰的活化效果。结果表明:粉煤灰经表面改性后,改善了涂料的和易性,抗渗压力比原灰提高67%,比化学激发灰提高了25%。粉煤灰经同时表面改性与化学激发后抗渗能力比原灰提高了127%。硫酸盐激发体系活化效果好于硅酸盐体系。经硫酸盐体系活化的粉煤灰防水涂料15d的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗渗压力,以及渗透压力比均高于GB18445-2001标准28d值。     

Advanced techniques in air pollution†

Specific usage of neutron activation analysis, charged particle analysis, y photons analysis, G.C.M.S. coupling, stable isotope dilution techniques, are discussed.

Dust collected on filters, oxygenated compounds in exhaust gases from car engines, nitrogen oxides, have thus been determined.

Special calibration methods for ozone, and remote detection by Lidar Raman are also described.     

Cellular response of mouse splenocytes to heavy metals exposure

Among the environmental contaminants recognised for their toxicity and their global presence, heavy metals are certainly a major concern. They can elicit a number of immunomodulatory effects leading ultimately to an enhanced susceptibility (sensitivity) of immune cells to microbial agents and the appearance of neoplastic diseases and autoimmune phenomena. Heavy metals also provoke changes in the function(s) of immune cells. A striking biological effect of heavy metals is the induction of intracellular thiols (cysteine, glutathione, metallothioneins). Thiols are involved in many physiological processes, including protection from free radical damage and detoxification of chemicals. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences of susceptibility (sensitivity) in both pre-activated (concanavalin A was used) and non-pre-activated cells in the presence of heavy metals. Five were evaluated on murine splenocytes. The lymphoblastic proliferation test was performed for lymphocytes and a phagocytosis test for macrophages. Data showed that the levels of thiols in the pre-activated cells are greater than non-pre-activated cells following exposure to various heavy metals; macrophages were more resistant than lymphocytes to the toxic effects of heavy metals, and pre-activated cells were more resistant than cells at rest. One possible explanation is that macrophages produce more thiols than lymphocytes and this provides an increased protection from the deleterious effects of heavy metals.     

Neutron activation and atomic absorption analysis of Ulva Lactuca and Gracilaria Verrucosa from Thermaikos Gulf,Greece

NAA and AAS have been applied to determine the content of As, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Sm and Zn in Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria verrucosa from Thermaikos Gulf, Greece. The analytical data has been subjected to cluster and stepwise discriminant analysis. Thus the influence of some industrial sources on the pollution of water in the Gulf is detected and correlation between Zn‐Co‐Cr‐La; Br‐K; Cu‐Ni; Cd‐Sb‐Mn in the investigated algae is established.