Neutron activation and atomic absorption analysis of Ulva Lactuca and Gracilaria Verrucosa from Thermaikos Gulf,Greece

NAA and AAS have been applied to determine the content of As, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Sm and Zn in Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria verrucosa from Thermaikos Gulf, Greece. The analytical data has been subjected to cluster and stepwise discriminant analysis. Thus the influence of some industrial sources on the pollution of water in the Gulf is detected and correlation between Zn‐Co‐Cr‐La; Br‐K; Cu‐Ni; Cd‐Sb‐Mn in the investigated algae is established.     

Bioleaching of copper from pre and post thermally activated low grade chalcopyrite contained ball mill spillage

Bioleaching of a low grade chalcopyrite (ball mill spillage material) was tested for copper recovery in shake flasks. The original samples (as received) were thermally activated (600°C, 30 min) to notice the change in physico-chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the host rock and subsequently its effect on copper recovery. A mixed culture of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacterial consortium predominantly entailing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain was used for bioleaching studies and optimization of process parameters of both original and thermally activated samples. Mineralogical characterization studies indicated the presence of chalcopyrite, pyrite in the silicate matrix of the granitic rock. Field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicated mostly SiO₂. With pH 2, pulp density 10% w/v, inoculum 10% v/v, temperature 30°C, 150 r·min^-1, 49% copper could be recovered in 30 days from the finest particle size (-1+ 0.75 mm) of the original spillage sample. Under similar conditions 95% copper could be recovered from the thermally activated sample with the same size fraction in 10 days. The study revealed that thermal activation leads to volume expansion in the rock with the development of cracks, micro and macro pores on its surface, thereby enabling bacterial solution to penetrate more easily into the body, facilitating enhanced copper dissolution.     

硫铁化物氧化自燃的动力学分析

为研究含硫油品储油罐中硫铁化物的自燃倾向性,采用STA8000同步热分析仪对10,15,20℃/min等不同升温速率和15,20,25 mL/min等不同空气流量下的硫铁化物进行试验,并通过获得的TG-DSC曲线研究试样的自燃特性;在此基础上,根据Coat模型,利用不同反应机理函数对热重数据进行分析。结果表明:该试验条件下,硫铁化物的氧化进程符合三级反应动力学机制;得出了硫铁化物在不同升温速率和空气流量下的表观活化能;在560～746℃温度区间内,随着升温速率的增加,空气流量的加大,活化能数值明显减小,自燃倾向性增大。研究结果可为预防和控制因硫铁化物自燃引发的火灾、爆炸事故提供理论参考。     

氧浓度对煤低温氧化热效应影响规律研究

为了准确掌握氧浓度对煤低温氧化热效应的影响,采用C80微量量热仪研究低温阶段煤氧化的自热过程,根据单升温速率的非等温动力学分析方法,得到不同氧浓度下煤样的活化能。研究结果表明:氧浓度对实验初始阶段的热流曲线和放热量的影响较小,随着温度的升高,氧浓度对热流曲线和放热量影响逐渐变得明显,放热趋势随着氧浓度的增大而增强;煤样的初始放热温度随着氧浓度的增大而降低;活化能随着氧气浓度的降低呈阶梯式上升;总放热量和氧浓度服从线性方程y=ax+b;与21%（空气气氛）氧浓度相比,15%,10%和5%氧浓度下煤的放热量分别降低了约19%,33%和46%,表明降低氧浓度对煤样的氧化放热具有明显的减缓作用。因此可以加强采空区的密闭性检测、注入惰性气体,使采空区的氧浓度尽可能地低,对采空区煤自热升温的防治有着理论指导意义。     

机械活化蛇纹石吸附除磷性能及机理研究

为实现废水中磷的绿色高效去除,采用机械活化法制备活性蛇纹石吸附材料,探讨了该材料对废水中30 mg·L^-1正磷酸盐的吸附性能、关键影响因素及吸附去除机理.结果表明,活性蛇纹石对磷的理论最大吸附量(以P计)为126.58 mg·g^-1,当初始pH为7.0、温度为20℃、投加量为0.5 g·L^-1、吸附时间为240 min时,材料对磷的去除率为89.73%.磷的去除率随活化时间、吸附时间和投加量的增加而增大,随pH和温度的增加而降低.利用激光粒度仪、XRD、FTIR和SEM等现代分析测试手段研究了活性蛇纹石对磷的吸附机理.结果表明,机械活化致使蛇纹石颗粒的中值粒径从41.32μm迅速降低到12.00μm,之后粒径不再发生明显变化,进一步的机械力作用使蛇纹石晶体结构受到破坏,导致Mg—OH键能减弱,增强了颗粒表面的Mg吸附位点的活性,并使颗粒表面呈碱性,最终使磷能够以磷酸镁(Mg₃(PO₄)₂·22H₂O)的形式固定在材料表面.等温吸附和吸...     

Use of an activated carbon from antibiotic waste for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution

Porous carbon has been prepared from waste antibiotic material by a chemical activation method using K(2)CO(3) as an activating reagent. Carbon was studied systematically by the adsorption of nitrogen and iodine. It was found that the process parameters such as activation temperature and activation time are crucial for preparing high-quality activated carbon. The proper choice of the preparation conditions allows to produce microporous activated carbon with a micropore volume up to 0.492 cm(3)/g and a BET surface area of 1260 m(2)/g. Adsorption of mercury(II) from an aqueous solution on antibiotic carbon was investigated under the varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration and pH. The adsorption capacity of the carbon is 129 mg/g.     

Dehydrochlorination behavior of polyvinyl chloride and utilization of carbon residue: effect of plasticizer and inorganic filler

The dehydrochlorination behavior of plasticizer (DOP) and inorganic filler (CaCO₃) contained in PVC samples and the properties of the activated carbons produced from those carbon residues have been investigated. In the dehydrochlorination process, both additives contributed not only to a decrease in HCl yield but also to the prolonged evolution of HCl. Part of the Cl species were observed to be stabilized as CaCl₂ by reaction with calcium ions when CaCO₃ was added. More than 80% of chlorine removal was achieved in all samples at 533 K. The use of potassium as an activation agent led to the production of activated carbon with a specific surface area greater than 1000 m²/g at the low temperature of 1023 K and assisted also in the elimination of residual Cl species by the formation of KCl during activation. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

膜基活化溶液中活化剂在回收温室气体CO2过程中的作用

将AMP和PZ作为活化剂添加于MDEA溶液中,形成活化溶液,研究了膜基活化溶液回收温室气体CO₂性能,着重考察活化剂的活化作用和对膜接触器传质加强的影响,提出一个活化机理来解释活化现象,建立了阻力层方程模型, 并模拟膜基活化溶液回收CO₂的传质过程。结果表明,活化剂对膜接触器传质的加强起到重要作用,具有双氨基环状结构的PZ对传质的加强作用高于具有空间位阻结构的AMP;活化溶液的CO2回收率和传质通量明显高于未活化的MDEA溶液,活化性能PZ＞AMP;活化剂的活化效应与分子结构有关;流体力学的改变对传质的影响有限,活化剂的反应动力学对传质的加强起主导作用;阻力层方程模型能较好地模拟膜基活化溶液回收CO₂传质过程,传质通量和总传质系数的模型值与实验值符合较好。     

金属改性碳脱除PH3和H2S动力学及反应机理研究

为综合利用黄磷尾气中的CO,通过计算平均活化能和测定XPS、TG／DTA和氮吸附特性的方法,研究了Cu2＋和某金属离子M^n＋改性碳脱除PH,和H2S的动力学和反应机理问题。结果表明：H2S在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为134．4J／mol为-0．76级反应,PH,在金属改性碳上反应时平均活化能为1247．6J／mol为-0．8级反应;减小改性碳粒径增加流量可以显著提高其脱除PH,和H。S的速率;XPS、TG／DTA和孔径分布分析证明,改性碳净化H2S和PH3是一个催化吸附过程,H2S和PH3首先与氧在改性碳表面进行催化氧化反应,然后生成S和P2O5沉积吸附在改性碳表面。     

纳米铁去除水中硝酸盐的动力学研究

实验中采用了液相还原法制备新型吸附剂纳米铁。在纳米铁低投放量的条件下,采用间歇实验,分别从初始硝酸盐浓度、溶液pH值和温度的不同外界条件下研究了纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除情况。实验结果表明,硝酸盐初始浓度对反应速率有影响,但对去除率影响不大;溶液pH值为2.0时纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除效果最好;随着温度的升高,纳米铁对硝酸盐的去除率有所增加。以t时刻已反应掉的硝酸盐浓度为切入点,提出拟二级动力学方程。进而确定不同温度下的反应速率常数k。实验中k在50℃时最大,为0.014 mg/（L·min）。反应活化能Ea为17.18 kJ/mol,该反应以质量传递为控制因素。溶液中性条件下硝酸盐氮的还原产物为氨氮。