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311.
从太湖底泥中筛选出一株能够利用亚磷酸盐(+3价)的细菌P1.通过生理生化实验及16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定,P1菌与所有已知菌的同源性都很低,属于未知的新菌株.P1菌的最适培养条件为:pH6.5~7.0、温度30℃.P1菌能以亚磷酸盐为唯一磷源生长,在60~100mg P/L的初始亚磷酸盐培养条件下,100mgP/L的亚磷酸盐培养基中亚磷酸盐减少量最大(11%),培养基中生成正磷酸盐的比例最高1.6%.初始亚磷酸盐浓度越低,碱性磷酸酶(BAP)活性越高,60mgP/L的亚磷酸盐培养基中BAP的最高活性为1.86mol PNP/(L菌液·h).P1菌可能通过BAP将亚磷酸盐转化成生物体内所需的磷源. 相似文献
312.
Guzel Yucel-Gier Aslı Kacar L. Tolga Gonul Idil Pazi Filiz Kucuksezgin Neslihan Erarslanoglu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(3):211-228
Lagoons are defined as wetlands separated from the sea coasts on which they are located and sit between continental and marine aquatic ecosystems. Çakalburnu Lagoon is a coastal wetland on the southern side of the Bay of ?zmir. Microorganisms, which are quite sensitive to changes occurring in environmental factors, are commonly used to determine the impact of environmental effects on the functioning of the ecosystem. In this study, variations in the abundance and biomass of picoplankton (Synechococcus spp. and bacteria) and the abundance of viruses, which identify the ecological productivity of the food chain, were seasonally examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the microbial abundance and biomass relation over time between the physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. According to our results, the maximum abundance of Synechococcus spp. and viruses was 6.7?×?104 cell/ml and 9.9?×?108?cell/ml in the summer, respectively. Otherwise, the highest level of bacteria was measured at 3.6?×?107 cell/ml in the spring. Based on the principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis results, we concluded that total suspended solids, Chl-a, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen were the major parameters influencing the observed variability of the lagoon system. Overall, to protect and improve the ecological and microbiological quality of aquatic systems such as lagoons, the necessary monitoring and measurement studies should be conducted in these sensitive areas. 相似文献
313.
Huang B.Gu Y.Chen G.Jin J.Liu L. 《应用与环境生物学报》2018,(4):860-865
To study the effect of flow velocity on drinking water distribution systems, bulk water quality was monitored over 28 days, biomass was measured, and 16S rDNA was sequenced on the 28th day using a water distribution simulation system. The relationship between bulk water quality and biofilm was statistically analyzed. Flow velocity of 0.5 m/s yielded the most total organic carbon (TOC) (5.26 ± 0.17 mg/L) in the bulk water, the most bulk water bacteria (lg (n+1/mL-1) = 4.79 ± 0.02), the worst bulk water quality, and the most biofilm bacteria (lg (n+1/cm-2) = 5.48 ± 0.06). A Pearson correlation analysis showed the total number of biofilm bacteria was positively correlated with conductivity (R = 0.73, P < 0.01), turbidity (R = 0.87, P < 0.001), TOC (R = 0.94, P < 0.001), and total bacteria (R = 0.92, P < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with residual chlorine (R = -0.68, P < 0.05). Biofilm diversity was high under the low (0.1 m/s) and high (2.5 m/s) flow rates, but the bacterial diversity of biofilm was the lowest at the 0.5 m/s flow rate, in which Proteobacteria dominated the biofilm community structure. These results suggest that flow velocity affects bulk water quality and biofilm population structure, and water quality and biofilm population structure are interrelated, which provides the theoretical basis for research on biofilms in drinking water distribution systems. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
314.
Sijia Ai Hongyu Liu Mengjie Wu Guangming Zeng Chunping Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(6):3
Three acid-producing strains, AFB-1, AFB-2 and AFB-3, were isolated during this study, and their roles in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) were evaluated. Data of 16S rRNA method showed that AFB-1 and AFB-2 were Bacillus coagulans, and AFB-3 was Escherichia coli. The removal in terms of volatile solids (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was maximized at 42.7% and 44.7% by inoculating Bacillus coagulans AFB-1. Besides, the optimal inoculum concentration of Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 was 30% (v/v). Solubilization degree experiments indicated that solubilization ratios (SR) of WAS reached 20.8%±2.2%, 17.7%±1.48%, and 11.1%±1.53%. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations and compositions were also explored with a gas chromatograph. The results showed that VFAs improved by 98.5%, 53.0% and 11.6% than those of the control, respectively. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments revealed that biogas production increased by 90.7% and 75.3% when inoculating with Bacillus coagulans AFB-1 and AFB-2. These results confirmed that the isolated acid-producing bacteria, especially Bacillus coagulans, was a good candidate for anaerobic digestion of WAS.
相似文献
315.
通过设施大棚内容积为1.5 m3的人工模拟池试验,研究了框式与传统旱伞草浮床对富营养河水氮素转化及微生物菌群的影响. 传统浮床是以聚乙烯泡沫板为载体,栽植陆生植物来削减水体氮磷和有机物质等,从而达到净化水质的效果. 框式浮床是以塑料镂空支架为载体,除种植陆生植物外还添加填料等组件的新型浮床. 结果表明:①2种浮床对水体中TN,NH4+-N和NO3--N均有显著的去除效果,其中框式浮床和传统浮床的NH4+-N去除率分别高达91%和86%,TN去除率也分别达到74%和64%,NO3--N去除率分别为49%和31%. ②2种浮床系统有效地提高了水体中微生物和氮循环细菌总数和种群数量,尤其是框式浮床不同时期均比空白对照高出2~3个数量级. ③氮循环细菌的数量跟水体氮素去除有显著相关性. 其中水体ρ(NH4+-N)和氨化菌数量呈显著正相关,ρ(NH4+-N)和硝化菌数量呈极显著负相关,ρ(NO3--N),ρ(TN)和反硝化菌数量之间呈极显著负相关. ④框式浮床的独特结构使之比传统浮床的去氮能力更强. 其中,填料系统吸附贡献率为8%,植物吸收的去氮贡献为16.5%,微生物系统脱氮则为75.5%;而传统浮床植物系统吸收贡献率为31.8%,微生物系统脱氮贡献率为68.2%. 说明浮床系统中植物吸收只是系统去氮的一种途径,微生物脱氮在2种浮床脱氮途径中占主导作用. 相似文献
316.
采用传统的最大或然数法(MPN)和不依赖于培养的变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE),对辽河口芦苇湿地土壤中AOB的丰度、多样性进行了解析,并试图探究AOB同土壤可溶性盐分等环境因素之间的关系.结果表明:芦苇湿地土壤中AOB多样性指数时空分布存在较大差异,同一月份中不同站点之间群落结构相似性较大,AOB细菌数量与土壤可溶性盐分之间存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与土壤总氮和有机质含量之间存在极显著性正相关关系(P<0.01),表明盐分、总氮和有机质含量是辽河口湿地AOB数量时空分布的重要影响因素. 相似文献
317.
废弃药渣中残留泰乐菌素降解菌的筛选 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
发酵法生产抗生素过程中会产生大量废弃药渣.由于残留抗生素的存在,极大地限制了药渣的资源化利用.以泰乐菌素药渣为研究对象,采用微生物法探讨降解药渣中残留泰乐菌素的方法.结果表明:从长期堆放泰乐菌素药渣附近土壤中筛选到可降解药渣残留泰乐菌素的菌株,将该菌株以10%的接种量,在30~35 ℃,pH为7的条件下,发酵处理泰乐菌素药渣120 h后,微生物法未检出残留泰乐菌素的存在.提示利用微生物法可以消除药渣中残留泰乐菌素,从而为泰乐菌素药渣有效处理提供可鉴方法. 相似文献
318.
Anuradha M. Desai Hanadi S. Rifai 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(4):766-779
The variability of indicator bacteria over a fine resolution time scale on the order of minutes has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we collected more than 700 Escherichia coli samples at a 10‐ and 30‐min resolution in an urban watershed in Houston. A Bacteria Diurnal Sag (BDS) marked with daytime exponential decay followed by an exponential nighttime regeneration was observed. This pattern was observed during all sampled events but varied depending on other variables. The concentrations during a 24‐h period varied 1 to 5 orders of magnitude and the fecal load was at least 10 times lower than what would be obtained using a single morning E. coli measurement, the typical sampling scheme in most monitoring programs. Decay rates, ranging from 3.67 to 24.7/day, decreased E. coli concentrations to below the water‐quality standards from 14:00 to 18:00 h and were strongly influenced by water temperatures and solar radiation intensities. Rapid regeneration occurred on the order of 9.41 to 64.1/day allowing E. coli concentrations to return to their pre‐decay levels. The data indicated that four to six samples taken between 06:00 and 18:00 h may be sufficient to define the BDS depending on stream conditions, and that a threshold concentration of approximately 100 MPN/dl (most probable number in a deciliter) existed for the studied urban watershed. These findings have significant implications for water‐quality monitoring, regulation, and compliance. 相似文献
319.
一株好氧反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及反硝化能力 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
利用驯化活性污泥的方法筛选出一株好氧反硝化细菌G3,该菌在碳源充足且溶解氧为(4.0±1.0)mg·L-1条件下,24h内对NO-2-N积累量为12.03 mg·L-1,对NO-3-N的去除率为91.09%.扫描电镜观察其形态特征为(0.4~0.6)μm×(1.2~2.0)μm的短杆菌.16SrDNA序列分析表明,该菌与Pseudomonas stutzeri的相似性为100%.利用MEGA软件对该菌株与已报道的相关微生物进行系统发育分析,并克隆出与好氧反硝化相关的周质硝酸盐还原酶的亚基napA基因,初步判定筛选菌株具有周质硝酸盐还原酶. 相似文献
320.