原油储罐腐蚀原因及对策

通过对原油储罐腐蚀因素的分析,探讨了孤东一号联原油处理罐的腐蚀机理.分析结果表明,介质因素腐蚀、焊缝腐蚀、冲刷磨损、自然外腐蚀是造成孤东一号联原油储罐腐蚀严重的主要原因,并提出了相应的解决对策.     

Kinetic studies on phosphorus sorption by selected soil amendments for septic tank effluent renovation

A systematic kinetic study of phosphorus (P) sorption by various materials in the soil infiltration system of septic tanks was undertaken by following the time course of P sorption by sorbents in contact with various P solutions over periods up to 360 days. Uptake of P seemed to consist of two distinct stages. Initial uptake was very rapid and this phase was completed in 4 days or less. A slower removal stage followed for some materials over many months. Phosphorus sorption during the fast reaction stage appeared to be associated with the soluble Ca content of the materials. The fast reaction of calcareous materials accounted for the bulk (>70%) of the total P removed. Merribrook loamy sand exhibited the highest proportion of P sorption during the slow phase. It should be noted, however, that for solution P concentrations in the range found in typical effluents (∼ ∼20 mg L⁻¹) the fast reaction phase seemed to be responsible for virtually all P removed. None of the six kinetic formulae examined possessed the sophistication and detail needed to portray accurately the time course of P sorption for all the sorbents investigated. The Elovich equation and the kinetic modification of the Freundlich isotherm expression appeared to provide a reasonable fit of the experimental data.     

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Exceedance of Critical Loads for Lakes in Finland,Norway, and Sweden: Reduction Requirements for Acidifying Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition

/ The main objectives of this study were to identify the regions inFennoscandia where the critical loads of sulfur (S) and acidifying nitrogen(N) for lakes are exceeded and to investigate the consequences for depositionreductions, with special emphasis on the possible trade-offs between S and Ndeposition in order to achieve nonexceedance. In the steady-state model forcalculating critical loads and their exceedances, all relevant processesacting assinks for N and S are considered. The critical loads of N and S areinterrelated (defining the so-called critical load function), and therefore asingle critical load for one pollutant cannot be defined without makingassumptions about the other. Comparing the present N and S deposition withthe critical load function for each lake allows determination of thepercentage of lakes in the different regions of Fennoscandia where: (1) Sreductions alone can achieve nonexceedance, (2) N reductions alone aresufficient, and (3) both N and S reductions are required but to a certaindegree interchangeable. Secondly, deposition reduction requirements wereassessed by fixing the N deposition to the present level, in this wayanalyzing the reductions required for S, and by computing the percentage oflakes exceeded in Finland, Norway and Sweden for every possible percentdeposition reduction in S and N, in this way showing the (relative)effectiveness of reducing S and/or N deposition. The results showed clearregional patterns in the S and N reduction requirements. In practically thewhole of Finland and the northern parts of Scandinavia man-made acidificationof surface waters could be avoided by reducing S deposition alone. In thesouthern parts of Sweden some reductions in N deposition are clearly neededin addition to those for S. In southern Norway strong reductions are requiredfor both N and S deposition.KEY WORDS: Acidification; Critical load; Exceedance; Sulfur; Nitrogen;Deposition; Lake     

垂直流人工湿地系统对污水磷的净化效果

用煤灰渣人工土壤和风车草组成的垂直流人工湿地系统对化粪池出水中总磷和无机磷的去除率分别达到75 %— 92 %和 73%— 92 % ,其处理出水中总磷和无机磷浓度大部分低于 1mg/L ,达到了城市污水二级生化处理的二级排放标准。垂直流煤灰渣人工湿地系统对磷的去除作用主要有 :物理作用、化学吸附与沉淀作用和微生物同化作用以及植物摄取等作用 ,其对化粪池出水中总磷的去除率分别为 2 2 .8%、5 0 %— 6 5 %和 1%— 3%。     

Influence of ozone, relative humidity, and flow rate on the deposition and oxidation of sulfur dioxide on yellow sand

To evaluate the influences of O₃, relative humidity (RH), and flow rate on the reaction between yellow sand and SO₂, the SO₂ deposition velocity and the oxidation state of sulfur were investigated by means of exposure experiments in a cylindrical flow reactor. Early in the reaction, the deposition velocity was not influenced by the RH or the presence of O₃; as the reaction progressed, however, the deposition velocity increased in the presence of O₃ and at high humidity. The oxidation of sulfur from S(IV) to S(VI) was also enhanced under these conditions. The amount of sulfur oxidation was positively correlated with the amount of deposited O₃. Furthermore, the SO₂ deposition velocity increased with increasing flow rate. However, changes in the flow rate had no noticeable effect on the amount of SO₂ oxidation.     

碳五加氢石油树脂化工废水的处理

本文介绍了应用新型曝气沉淀池-曝气生物滤池工艺处理碳五加氢石油树脂化工废水的工程实例。运行表明，通过调节水的pH值，改善铝的去除率。新型曝气沉淀池能有效地去除SS、CODCr、石油类和部分有机物，为后续好氧生物处理创造了一个良好的环境；新型挂膜方式的曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺能稳定高效地去除SS、CODCr、硫化物、苯等，出水水质达到了国家一级排放标准.     

液化石油气储罐设置方式之初探

从能量释放的角度出发,以爆炸理论为基础,研究了液化石油气储罐不同设置方式下发生爆炸的影响范围,并根据储罐三种设置方式的特点,给出了液化石油气储罐的合理设置方案.     

APPLICATION OF PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR CALIBRATING TANK MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Many automatic calibration processes have been proposed to efficiently calibrate the 16 parameters involved in the four‐layered tank model. The Multistart Powell and Stuffed Complex Evolution (SCE) methods are considered the best two procedures. Two rainfall events were designed to compare the performance and efficiency of these two methods. The first rainfall event is short term and the second designed for long term rainfall data collection. Both rainfall events include a lengthy no‐rainfall period. Two sets of upper and lower values for the search range were selected for the numerical tests. The results show that the Multistart Powell and SCE methods are able to obtain the true values for the 16 parameters with a sufficiently long no‐rainfall period after a rainfall event. In addition, by using two selected objective functions, one based on root mean square error and one based on root mean square relative error criteria, it is found that the no‐rainfall period lengths necessary to obtain the converged true values for the 16 parameters are roughly the same. The SCE method provides a more efficient search based on an appropriate preliminary search range. The Multistart Powell method, on the other hand, leads to more accurate search results when there is no suitable search range selected based on the parameter calibration experience.     

一起氧气瓶爆炸事故的技术分析

针对一起氧气瓶爆炸事故,进行了详细的实际调查,并以科学理论和数据为依据,进行了多角度的技术分析。     

ZPS—25型油罐自动脱水器

该自动脱水器，是已经获得国家专利的新一代脱水器，它具有价格低，设计新（双保险）安装检修方便，构造简单．占地面积小，操作平稳安全可靠，节能并符合安全、环保及职业卫生要求等特点．轻污油电脱水含油<150mg／L，是一种比较理想的自动脱水器，它可广泛用于石油、化工等企业的油罐脱水。