探讨我国火电厂二氧化硫排放问题

本文简要陈述了我国二氧化硫排放的污染现状、国家减排二氧化硫的政策，阐述了我国火电厂烟气脱硫存在的问题，提出了解决问题的对策。     

建立我国主要农作物卫星遥感估产运行系统的主要技术环节及解决途径

本文结合我国耕地和作物种植特点,并根据“八五”攻关实践,指出了建立我国主要农作物（小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、大豆）卫星遥感估产运行系统所面临的主要技术环节,即系统的工程化总体设计；卫星遥感估产区划；背景数据库的建立；遥感信息同化技术；不同作物面积提取、长势监测与单产模型；运行系统的建立。进一步提出了系统实现的技术方案、步骤和解决这些主要技术环节的设想,即统一组织实施,避免重复工作；抓住主要农作物主产区遥感估产,以河南、安徽、江苏３省为多种作物综合卫星遥感估产试点省；结合遥感信息同化技术,建立面积提取、长势监测、单产模型体系和相应的软件模块；最终建立全国的卫星遥感估产集成系统。     

根际pH值与烤烟产量和质量的关系研究

主要研究了根际ｐＨ值对烤烟生长及其烟叶产质量的影响．结果表明，烤烟在伸根期和旺长后期对根际ｐＨ值的生长反应明显不同，微酸性的根际环境促进烟株前期生长，而微碱性则有利于烟株中后期烟叶的发育与成熟．烟叶产量和单叶重随ｐＨ上升至８．０而增加．根际ｐＨ值在５．５－７．５范围内变化时，烟叶外观质量变化不大．烟叶化学成分同样受到根际ｐＨ值的显著影响．     

CHAPARRAL CONTROL IN MOSAIC PATTERN INCREASED STREAMFLOW AND MITIGATED NITRATE LOSS IN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: In a 16-year paired watershed study in Arizona, a 303-acre chaparral watershed was treated by helicopter in a mosaic pattern (55 percent of watershed) with tebuthiuron herbicide pellets to control the moderately dense, heavy water-using chaparral. The objective was to determine if annual stream discharge could be increased without degrading other resource values. An adjacent untreated chaparral watershed served as the control on which to base the water quantity and quality treatment effects. Annual streamflow was increased by 1.5 to 5 inches over a seven-year evaluation period. The streamflow increase was accompanied by a small but statistically significant increase in nitrate concentration. The relatively small nitrate response was attributed to the mosaic treatment. Nitrate released from the converted areas was diluted by streamflow from untreated areas, thereby reducing nitrate concentrations in streamflow at the watershed outlet.     

影响硫磺回收装置硫回收率的主要因素

从工艺、催化剂及设备等几方面影响硫磺回收率的主要因素进行了总结，目的是为硫横回收装置的操作者提供一对照检查表并对照检查自己存原实际问题，找出降低硫回收率的主要原因并加以解决，从而减少环境污染。     

The contribution of dry deposited ammonia and sulphur dioxide to the composition of precipitation from continuously open gauges

A series of experiments using bulk precipitation collectors of the type used in the UK precipitation chemistry network measured the amounts of NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻ and other ions that could be washed from funnels (diameter 15 cm) exposed to a wide range of NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations over periods from hours to days. In dry conditions, the average deposition flux of NH₃ was between 50 and 120 nmol NH₄⁺ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.1–0.3 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and was independent of the concentration of NH₃. Dry deposition of NH₃ to wet funnels at small NH₃ concentrations was almost 5 times that to dry funnels under the same conditions (average 240 nmol funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹; 0.7 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and increased with increasing NH₃ concentrations. The amount of NH₄⁺ ions remaining on the funnel surface was inversely proportional to the vapour pressure deficit during the experiment. This result was interpreted as a dependence on the duration of surface wetness, with greater deposition of NH₄⁺ when evaporation rates of surface water were small.The amount of SO₂ deposited on funnel surfaces was closely related to the amount of NH₃ deposited, in both wet and dry conditions, but was not strongly correlated with the SO₂ concentration. At low NH₃ and SO₂ concentrations the average deposition to dry funnels was 70 nmol SO₄²⁻ funnel⁻¹ d⁻¹ (0.5 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), and to wet funnels was approximately 2.5 times larger. The results are interpreted in terms of the balance between the rate of evaporation of surface water, and the rate of oxidation of SO₂, which leads to the ‘fixing’ of NH₄⁺ ions on the surface as involatile salts.It is predicted that dry deposition of NH₃ to funnel surfaces across the UK Secondary Network could account for as much as one-half of the measured bulk wet deposition at sites where wet deposition of NH₄–N is small. The amount of dry deposition depends on how long and how often funnel surfaces are wetted by rain or dew, and on the air concentrations of NH₃. These predictions are based on funnels being wetted only once per day. More frequent wetting would increase the contribution from dry deposition, and the consequent overestimate of wet deposition of NH₄–N across the UK by using data obtained from bulk collectors. To some extent this overestimate may be offset by microbial degradation and loss of NH₄–N in weekly bulk precipitation samples during collection and storage.     

电子束脱硫技术及其进展

介绍电子束脱硫原理以及在四川成都热电厂应用情况。由于采用干法工艺,流程简单、占地面积小,适用于厂区狭小的电厂安装脱硫装置。     

无锡职教园区餐厨垃圾理化性质调查分析研究

为提高餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率,应用理化方法分别测试了无锡职教园区大中餐、小中餐、西餐、汤锅和食堂餐厨垃圾的容重、含水率、pH值、有机干物质、含油率、盐分、氮磷含量等指标,此外,应用餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵模拟试验分析其产沼气效率.通过理化性质试验获得不同类型餐厨垃圾理化指标的异同点.通过产沼气试验可知,容积负荷由1 kgVS/m3·d逐渐提升到4 kgVS/m3·d时,日产气量从2.91 L提高到9.01 L,沼气中甲烷含量在65％以上.     

秸秆还田下晚播稻茬麦适宜施氮量研究

研究了前荏水稻秸秆全量还田条件下,不同施氮水平(0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm-2)对晚播小麦土壤矿质氮积累、秸秆氮释放、氮素平衡特征和产量的影响.结果表明,基肥施用提高了越冬期0～ 30 cm土壤矿质氮量,追施氮肥提高了开花期0～15 cm土壤矿质氮量.施氮量高于180 kg· hm-2时会造成小麦成熟后土壤矿质氮量的显著增加.氮平衡分析结果表明,小麦全生育期氮素净矿化量为48 kg· hm-2;随施氮水平的增加,秸秆氮释放量、植株氮积累量、土壤矿质氮残留量和氮表观损失量均随之增加;N90、N180、N270和N360处理氮表观损失率分别为27.9％、37.6％、43.2％和47.6％;N90处理损失量以播种至越冬期最高,其余处理均以开花至成熟期最高.适量增施氮肥有利于提高籽粒产量,但施氮量若超过180 kg·hm-2,增产效果则不显著.综合考虑,水稻秸秆全量还田条件下氮肥施用量为180 kg·hm-2有利于兼顾晚播小麦生产和生态效益.