Parametric analysis of water electrolysis by dual electrolytes and cells

In this study, sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide are used as the electrolytes, separated by proton exchange membrane, to produce hydrogen. The effects of electrolyte concentrations, applied voltage, single or dual cells, and temperature on the hydrogen production rate and energy efficiency are investigated. Experimental results show that the amount of hydrogen production increases with voltage, and the dual electrolytes and cells can yield the best hydrogen production rate and energy efficiency. With 1-M KOH plus 1-M H₂SO₄ as electrolytes in separated cells, the highest hydrogen production rate is about 0.95 L/hr. Results also show that the rise of electrolyte temperature can significantly increase the hydrogen production rate up to 50%, and the energy efficiency up to 20%. Keeping a low PH value in cathodeand high anode PH value in anode indeed enhances the efficiency of hydrogen production rate.     

垃圾渗滤液处理纳滤浓缩液的减量试验研究

采用1种纳滤膜和2种反渗透膜对垃圾渗滤液处理过程中产生的纳滤浓缩液进行处理,研究进水压力、回收率、膜通量对膜工艺运行稳定性、出水水质的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液可减量50%以上,反渗透产水指标满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920—2002)城市绿化及娱乐性环境用水-湖泊类的要求。     

电氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的试验研究

垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液是垃圾渗滤液经生物降解后再经RO或NF膜截留的残余液,可生化性差、含盐量高、处理困难。本文采用电氧化法处理纳滤浓缩液,试验结果表明:电氧化法在纳滤浓缩液的处理上具有优势。在反应时间6h,对纳滤浓缩液的COD,TDS,Cl~-去除率分别达到82%,12%,51%,吨水耗电45k W·h。本试验研究在处理效果、能耗等方面达到了预期效果,为电氧化技术在纳滤浓缩液处理中的实际应用取得突破。     

Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption

To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane.The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y_2O_3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421 L/(m~2·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03 bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10 mg/L between pH 3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.     

钢铁行业袋式除尘用滤料孔径与微细粉尘捕集特性关系研究

选用钢铁行业袋式除尘用滤料,采用泡点法进行孔径及孔径分布测试,并进行了除尘滤料冷静态过滤性能测试。通过对实验数据分析得到:针刺滤料平均孔径为22.22~26.83μm,孔径分散程度较高;覆膜针刺过滤材料平均孔径仅为1.0μm左右,孔径分布较为集中;针刺滤料的孔径会影响到其透气性,透气性随着最大孔径的增加而增加;针刺滤料孔径及孔径分布对过滤效率有直接的影响,孔径越大,孔径分布分散程度越高,过滤效率越低,过滤阻力越小;过滤风速为1.0 m/min时覆膜滤料对微细颗粒物的捕集效率达到80%左右,约为普通针刺毡滤料的2~4倍,阻力约为普通针刺毡滤料的14~32倍。     

Phosphorus-doped graphene supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysis

PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. In the present study, Phosphorus-doped Graphene (PG) was synthesized by thermal annealing of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and graphene oxide (GO). The PG supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalysts were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode. Structural properties and electrochemical performances of the synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst were studied by FE-SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, respectively. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA’s) were fabricated using Pd/PG as cathode for HER electrode and RuO₂ as anode for OER electrode. Also, their electrochemical performances along with the corresponding hydrogen yields were evaluated in single cell PEM water electrolyzer at various experimental conditions such as different current densities from 0.1 to 2.0 A cm^?2 and temperatures (28–80°C). The synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst was observed a current density of 1 A cm^?2 with 1.95 V at 80°C. Further, long-term stability studies were carried out continuously up to 2000 h which showed a reasonable stability. Hence, the synthesized Pd/PG can be used as an alternative to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the HER in PEM water electrolysis.     

DTRO工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

垃圾渗滤液浓度高、成分复杂，难以处理，常规生化处理方法存在缺点，碟管式反渗透(DTRO)是针对垃圾渗滤液的水质特点而设计的，出水水质好，受进水水质影响很小，在国外的垃圾渗滤液处理中应用广泛。在分析DTRO工艺特点的基础上，探讨了两级DTRO工艺流程、特点、机理和浓缩液的处理方法，并论述了DTRO运行参数对膜片性能的影响。掌握系统运行和膜清洗时各项参数对膜性能的影响趋势，优化预处理工艺对降低处理成本，指导同类工艺的优化操作具有一定的参考价值。     

Evaluation and in situ assessment of photodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in ocean water

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in water using four different methods: a typical SPMD cage with and without a mesh cover, a bowl chamber and without any protection. In addition to routinely used performance reference compounds (PRCs), perdeuterated dibenz[a,h]anthracene was added. Due to its high sampler to water partition coefficient no measurable clearance due to diffusion was expected during the deployment period, hence any observed loss could be attributed to photodegradation. The loss of PRCs was measured and SPMD-based water concentrations determined. Results showed that a typical SPMD deployment cage covered with mesh provided the best protection from photodegradation. Samplers which had undergone the highest photodegradation underestimated PAH water concentrations by up to a factor of 5 compared to the most protected SPMDs. This study demonstrates that the potential for photodegradation needs to be addressed when samplers are deployed in water of low turbidity.     

反渗透与超滤及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透与超滤是水处理中广泛应用的膜分离技术,给水处理中反渗透应用较多,废水处理中超滤应用较广泛。     

新型复合滤料过滤性能的实验研究及其应用

针对袋式除尘器滤料运行阻力过高问题 ,介绍了一种新型结构的复合滤料 (HBT)。对其过滤性能进行实验研究 ,结果表明在相同工况下 ,该滤料具有“高效低阻”特性 ,并在实际工程应用中取得了较好的效果。