连续弯道平面二维温排水的数值模拟

温排水问题为环境水力学的典型研究课题,研究温排水运动水域的流场温度场分布情况,无论是对温排水工程规划设计,防止热污染,还是对生态环境保护等都具有重要的科学意义。采用曲线坐标系下平面二维数学模型对连续弯道温排水问题进行了数值模拟,通过相同流速比下连续弯道中3种不同排放形式(左岸、右岸和中心排放)温度等值线图的比较,相同排放形式不同流速比时温度等值线图的比较,表明建立的数学模型能合理反映温排水运动规律,可以用于温排水运动的模拟。     

固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色性能研究

将所筛选的高效脱色菌群,采用聚集－交联法固定在活性污泥上,形民絮状立体网状微观结构。固定化脱色菌－活性污泥的脱色酶活力较未经固定的活性污泥提高７０％左右。经厌氧条件下处理针织厂印染废水,色度平均去降率为７７．３％,ＣＯＤＣｒ平均去除率为６５．１％。     

Awareness of environmental legislation as a deterrent for wildlife crime: A case with Masaai pastoralists,poison use and the Kenya Wildlife Act

Illegal wildlife crime is a global phenomenon, accelerating the ongoing biodiversity crisis. In the Old World, and particularly in Africa, illegal use of poisons to eliminate carnivores is the main driver of the continental vulture crisis. Knowledge about the underlying source and drivers of this threat is lacking for most areas, including Kenya, a global vulture and biodiversity hotspot. An extensive questionnaire survey of over 1300 respondents was run, using a specialized questioning technique and quantitative analytical approaches. Results show that, while pastoralists have a positive attitude towards vultures, over 20% of them use poisons to eliminate predators. Poisoning was largely driven by livestock losses to predators, and by negative attitude towards predators. Poisoning was less prevalent among respondents aware of the Kenya Wildlife Act. Overall, we suggest that a combination of top-down, e.g. legislation, and bottom-up (such as corrals or compensation) along with awareness campaigns may help reduce poisoning on the ground.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01695-8.     

磁性污泥基生物炭对Pb2+的吸附性能

为克服湿法制备磁性生物炭颗粒时团聚严重、固液分离困难、热解前需消耗大量能源脱水干化的问题,本研究以市政污泥为原料,通过无溶剂法热解制备了磁性污泥基生物炭(MSBC-2),并利用SEM、FTIR、XPS、VMS和Raman等方法对产物的表面结构与特征进行了表征。基于序批实验,分析了pH、温度、背景离子强度、生物炭投加量对该吸附材料的Pb²⁺吸附性能的影响,并进行了吸附动力学、吸附等温线及吸附热力学研究。结果表明：MSBC-2的Pb²⁺去除率随pH及温度的升高而升高,pH>4后去除率基本不变,离子强度对Pb²⁺去除率基本无影响。MSBC-2对Pb²⁺的吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir模型,表明吸附过程的限速步骤为化学反应,吸附为单分子层吸附;MSBC-2的反应速率常数k₂是未改性生物炭的4.1倍,25 ℃时最大理论吸附容量为113.36 mg·g⁻¹,高于大多数湿法制备的磁性生物炭;该吸附过程非自发、吸热且熵增过程;MSBC-2对Pb²⁺的吸附机理主要包括表面络合、离子交换和物理吸附。     

醌指纹法及其在环境微生物领域的应用

微生物在环境中的丰度和多样性受到广泛关注.系统介绍了一种通过分析微生物菌群中电子传递体的种类和数量来表征其群落丰度和多样性的方法——醌指纹法.综述了醌指纹法的原理和检测分析手段,归纳了醌指纹法在废水处理、水体、土壤和堆肥环境场景中的应用,此外还分析了醌指纹法的优缺点.最后,对醌指纹法在未来微生物治理领域的应用进行了展望...     

多氯联苯污染沉积物质量评价研究进展

介绍了多氯联苯污染沉积物质量评价的研究进展 ,其中 ,简单介绍了多氯联苯的有关概况及环境行为、沉积物质量评价方法及基准研究进展 ;最后 ,重点介绍了包括多氯联苯在内的憎水性有机物污染沉积物质量评价的研究现状及存在问题。     

城市内涝灾害应急救援指派模型

为实现应急救援队伍的合理派遣以快速营救受困人员,根据城市内涝灾害特点、城市内涝灾害情况和救援资源的分布,综合考虑应急救援队伍的救援效率、救援可靠性、救援时间等因素,构建多目标应急救援指派模型。运用模糊数学思想,将各目标下的属性值矩阵转化为模糊关系矩阵。针对优化模型的特点,采用反点法对模型进行求解。为证明反点算法的可行性,采用标准匈牙利算法对模型进行求解并加以验证。算例结果表明,多目标优化方案可以进行良好的任务分配,可满足应急救援任务的需要。     

Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination of Ochratoxin A and its metabolite Ochratoxin α in poultry tissues and eggs

The objective of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Ochratoxin α (OTα) in poultry tissues and eggs. The two toxins were extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile/water, purified with a reversed phase C18 solid phase extraction column (SPE) and determined by LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS method performances were evaluated in terms of linearity in solvent and in matrix (ranged from 0.5 to 15.10 µg L^?1 for OTA and from 0.60 to 17.85 µg L^?1 for OTα), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), specificity, accuracy and precision in repeatability conditions. Recovery experiments were performed by spiking poultry liver, kidney, muscle and eggs around 1 µg kg^?1 and 10 µg kg^?1. LODs were 0.27 and 0.26 µg kg^?1 while LOQs were fixed at 1.0 and 1.2 µg kg^?1 for OTA and OTα, respectively. Main recoveries for OTA ranged from 82 to 109% and for OTα ranged from 55 to 89%. The values of within-laboratory relative standard deviation (RSD_r) were equal to or below 20%. Considering the results obtained and that all analytical performance criteria were fulfilled, the new extraction and purification method developed for OTA and OTα determination in animal tissues and eggs was found appropriate for control laboratories and research activities designed to ensure food safety.     

改进一步法制备Cu/SAPO-34/堇青石催化剂及其脱硝效率

采用改进一步法制备堇青石整体式Cu/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂,考察了涂覆工艺中黏结剂和分散剂对整体式催化剂性能的影响,以求获得最优添加剂量以达到较高整体式催化剂脱硝效率。研究结果表明,相比于传统一步法,改进一步法工艺简单,涂层更均匀。黏结剂的加入明显提高涂层强度,其中铝溶胶效果最好。铝溶胶降低催化剂活性,酸性硅溶胶提高催化剂低温活性,碱性硅溶胶提高催化剂高温活性。分散剂提高了催化剂涂层强度和脱硝效率。添加17%酸性硅溶胶量所制备的Cu/SAPO-34催化剂具有最好的NO转化率,在30 000 h-1空速下,NO转化效率在90%以上的温度窗口为200~425 ℃,起燃温度为150 ℃,且具有较好的涂层强度。实验结果证明改进一步法脱硝效果较好,且工艺简单节省能源,可以为整体式催化剂的生产制备工艺提供参考。     

Working Life of Women With Disabilities—A Review

The aim of this study was to present the situation of women with disabilities on the labour market. Women with disabilities suffer from social and professional discrimination. They are discriminated because of their gender and disability. The Q1 Labour Force Participation Study (2013) showed that, in Poland, labour force participation for men and women with disabilities was 29.4% and 14.7%, respectively, while the unemployment rate was 16.1% for men and 17.2% for women. Quarterly information on employment, unemployment and economic inactivity was gathered from a Labour Force Survey in the first quarter of 2013; data from the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy were also included. The participants of the survey were 15 years old or older; they were members of a sample household. The methodology was based on definitions recommended by the International Labour Office and Eurostat. It is important that women with disabilities are substantially less professionally active, while the unemployment rate for them is only slightly higher.