商丘市包河沉积物中正构烷烃的分析

采集了商丘市包河6个位点的表层沉积物,用色谱-质谱对正构烷烃进行了分析,利用正构烷烃碳数分布特征和CPI指标等,对该市区的正构烷烃来源进行初步探讨。结果表明,正构烷烃碳数分布范围多数在nC13-nC31之间,分布类型只有一种,即高分子碳范围,碳优势指数为nC29,1相似文献   

灰色关联分析在铅锌矿区地表水重金属污染评价中的应用

介绍了灰色关联分析法用于地表水环境质量评价的基本步骤,并以陕西凤县寺沟铅锌矿区为例,在实验室采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计法,对该矿区6个监测点的水样进行测试.在该矿区地表水分析测试资料的基础上,采用灰色关联分析法对地表水环境质量的现状进行评价.结果表明,基于灰色关联分析的地表水重金属污染评价方法能较完整地反映地表水环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法,且易于推广使用.     

嫩江齐齐哈尔江段高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量相关关系的探讨

通过对嫩江齐齐哈尔段CODMn和CODcr值相关关系的分析,结果表明CODMn与CODcr显著相关,可以用CODMn值推算CODcr结果,减少CODcr的监测次数,降低分析中产生的Cr6+的二次污染。     

微波处理沥青烟气的探讨研究

采用响应曲面分析法,对微波处理沥青尾气时,管式炉加热温度、沥青烟预热温度及流量对处理沥青烟的影响进行了分析。结果表明:微波高温加热处理沥青烟气的方法,大大提高了焚烧法处理沥青尾气的效率,并且具有成本降低、设备简单、易于操作、易于控制、系统阻力较小、污染小等特点,这一工艺的提出,也为沥青烟气的处理方法开拓了新的道路。     

Regulating non-precious transition metal nitrides bifunctional electrocatalysts through surface/interface nanoengineering for air-cathodes of Zn-air batteries

Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially the secondary batteries, have engrossed a great interest because of its high specific energy, economical and high safety. However, due to the insufficient activity and stability of bifunctional electrocatalysts for air-cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, the practical application of rechargeable ZABs is seriously hindered. In the effort of developing high active, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been regarded as the candidates due to their high conductivity, strong corrosion-resistance, and bifunctional catalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress in TMNs-based material as ORR and OER electrocatalysts for ZABs is discussed with respect to their synthesis, chemical/physical characterization, and performance validation/optimization. The surface/interface nanoengineering strategies such as defect engineering, support binding, heteroatom introduction, crystal plane orientation, interface construction and small size effect, the physical and chemical properties of TMNs-based electrocatalysts are emphasized with respect to their structures/morphologies, composition, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. The challenges of TMNs-based materials as bifunctional air-cathode electrocatalysts in practical application are evaluated, and numerous research guidelines to solve these problems are put forward for facilitating further research and development.     

地表水水质自动监测预警方法初探

基于目前我国地表水水质自动监测现状,初步探讨了地表水水质自动监测预警方法体系,提出了水质自动监测预警的整体技术路线,搭建基于突变型预警和渐变型预警的多种预警模型组框架,可以实现对单因子、多因子组合,趋势、状态等不同情况的异常水质数据进行预警,保证了预警的可靠性和准确性。通过实例分析,从水质自动监测数据集成、异常数据判定清洗、预警模型建立与运行、预警信息处理等方面介绍了水质自动监测预警的实现方法。     

城市水质指数法在地表水环境质量评价中的应用

城市水质指数法能够量化、直观地反映不同流域、地区或城市的地表水环境质量,运用城市水质指数法测算了江苏省不同流域或地区的城市水质指数。结果表明,相应时段内苏南城市地表水水质略优于苏北城市;长江流域地表水水质优于淮河流域;城市水质指数变化程度(△CWQI)的统计结果基本为负值,表明江苏省地表水环境质量整体呈改善趋势;长江流域a市△CWQI为正值,表明该市2020年上半年水质较去年同期有所下降;淮河流域总磷水质指数波动范围最大,该流域总磷污染问题较突出,与水质监测结果总体相符。大量数据测算发现,城市水质指数法在应用到地表水环境质量排名时存在数据修约、方法检出限、断面统计基数及现状与变化程度排名倒挂等问题,针对不同问题提出相应的解决方法与对策建议,以期为相关主管部门提供参考与决策依据。     

Recent advances in pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the surface water and sediments in China

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been regarded as an emerging problem in the surface water environment in the past few decades. In China, although related studies were initiated several years ago, an increasing number of studies on this topic have been conducted in recent years. These studies have expanded knowledge of their occurrence, behavior and associated risk in the surface water environment in China. This review compiles the most recent literature related to the studies of PPCPs in the surface water environment in China. It includes PPCP occurrence in surface water and sediments, their geographical distribution, and outcomes of the associated risk assessment. It shows that antibiotics have received much more attention in both surface water and sediments than other PPCPs. Compared to other countries; most antibiotics in the collected sediments in China showed higher contamination levels. Many more study areas have been covered in recent years; however, attention has been given to only specific areas. Environmental risk assessment based on risk quotients indicated that sulfamethoxazole presents the most significant environmental risk to relevant aquatic organisms; followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, 17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Despite limited research on the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs in sediments, higher risks posed by PPCPs in the sediments rather than surface water were identified highlighting the need for further risk assessment of PPCPs in sediment samples.

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Sources and Distribution of Heavy Metals in East China Sea Surface Sediments

Box cores and surficial sediments collected from the shelf, slope and Okinawa Trough of the East China Sea were analyzed for loss on ignition, and concentration and speciation of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn. in general, concentrations of these metals are higher in the inner shelf and lower in the midshelf, but the highest LOI, Cd and Mn levels are found in the Okinawa Trough. Spatial distributions of these metals in surficial sediments indicate that the Yangtze River is the major source for materials deposited in the inner shelf. the results of a six-stage sequential leaching experiment indicate that the fluvial input includes natural (e.g., Al and Fe) and anthropogenic (e.g., Pb) materials. the depletion concentration of these metals in the midshelf sediments reflects the dominance (～ 70%) of coarse, relict sand, while the enrichments in the inner shelf and the Okinawa Trough sediments are due to the fine grained, organic-rich sediments. the speciation of Mn in the sediments of the Okinawa Trough indicates that its distribution is diagentically or hydrothermally controlled.     

Influence of reclaimed water discharge on the dissemination and relationships of sulfonamide,sulfonamide resistance genes along the Chaobai River,Beijing

Reclaimed water threatens the ecological safety of the Chaobai River. SMX, TMP, and SDZ were the first three abundant antibiotics in the research area. SRGs and intI1 were widespread with high abundance after reclaimed water recharge. The SRGs values followed the sequence: Summer>autumn>spring>winter. Strong correlations were detected between SRGs and environmental factors. Reclaimed water represents an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, threatening the ecological safety of receiving environments, while alleviating water resource shortages. This study investigated the dissemination of sulfonamide (SAs), sulfonamide resistance genes (SRGs), and class one integrons (intI1) in the surface water of the recharging area of the Chaobai River. The three antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfadiazine had the highest abundance. The highest absolute abundances were 2.91×10⁶, 6.94×10⁶, and 2.18×10⁴ copies/mL for sul1, sul2, and intI1 at the recharge point, respectively. SRGs and intI1 were widespread and had high abundance not only at the recharging point, but also in remote areas up to 8 km away. Seasonal variations of SRGs abundance followed the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Significant correlations were found between SRGs and intI1 (R² = 0.887 and 0.786, p<0.01), indicating the potential risk of SRGs dissemination. Strong correlations between the abundance of SRGs and environmental factors were also found, suggesting that appropriate environmental conditions favor the spread of SRGs. The obtained results indicate that recharging with reclaimed water causes dissemination and enrichment of SAs and SRGs in the receiving river. Further research is required for the risk assessment and scientific management of reclaimed water.