上海市城区径流污染及控制对策

随着城市点源污染控制程度的提高,雨水径流引起的面源污染日益突出.非渗透性地表径流污染成为城市水体污染的主要来源.对上海市城区非渗透性地表径流进行了为期3年的采样调查,监测了COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP和TN等污染物指标,并估算了单位面积径流年污染负荷.结合上海市实际情况,提出了城区径流污染控制的综合策略.     

Boiling treatment of ABS and PS plastics for flotation separation

A new physical method, namely boiling treatment, was developed to aid flotation separation of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polystyrene (PS) plastics. Boiling treatment was shown to be effective in producing a hydrophilic surface on ABS plastic. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism of boiling treatment of ABS. Surface rearrangement of polymer may be responsible for surface change of boiling treated ABS, and the selective influence of boiling treatment on the floatability of boiling treated plastics may be attributed to the difference in the molecular mobility of polymer chains. The effects of flotation time, frother concentration and particle size on flotation behavior of simple plastic were investigated. Based on flotation behavior of simple plastic, flotation separation of boiling treatment ABS and PS with different particle sizes was achieved efficiently. The purity of ABS and PS was up to 99.78% and 95.80%, respectively; the recovery of ABS and PS was up to 95.81% and 99.82%, respectively. Boiling treatment promotes the industrial application of plastics flotation and facilitates plastic recycling.     

合成洗涤剂生产废水处理技术研究

分别用混凝沉降，泡沫分离，活性炭吸附工艺进行了合成洗涤剂生产废水的处理试验。研究结果表明，混凝沉降、泡沫分离法的直链烷基苯磺酸钠去除率可以分别达到９０％、８０％以上，活性炭的ＬＡＳ吸附容量可达５９ｍｇ／ｇ以上，处理后废水的ＬＡＳ、ＣＯＤ浓度可达到国家排放标准。     

膜压法在自然水体研究中的应用

膜压法在自然水体中的应用较为广泛。文章综述了膜压及膜面积可作为自然水体中有机物含量的表征，也可作为水体受污染程度大小的一种判据。在研究表面膜的表面物理性质与化学组分之间联系的过程中，发现表面膜中有能够主宰表面膜性质的标准物质存在。由于这些标准物质主导了表面膜的表面物理性质，因此。寻找这些标准物质，并将它们的表面物理性质特征化，这也是今后工作中研究的方向。     

浑河沈阳段国控监测点位认证的技术方法

本文采用综合技术法辅以历史数据估算法对浑河沈阳段监测断面进行认证．根据监测数据筛选出５种主要污染指标后，按监测断面历史沿革分３个阶段分别用不同的统计方法对监测数据进行综合分析．用该法论证的结果，浑河沈阳段设置的３个断面，具有科学性合理性和可行性．     

农用化学物对河网地区地表水质的影响

为了解平原河网地区农用化学物(化肥和农药)对地表水质的污染程度,调查了嘉兴市某农区在施肥和雨后,径流对地表水质的影响,初步揭示了水质与农时和降雨情况的关系。调查表明,农业非点源污染受农时、降雨的影响较大,其中农时的影响更大,施肥后短时间内水质即下降,变化非常显著。     

Pollution of surface waters with pesticides in Germany: modeling non-point source inputs

Pesticide pollution of surface waters represents a considerable hazard for the aquatic environment. However, the mean amount of pesticides reaching the water resources varies considerably between regions and depends highly upon application rates, chemical characteristics of pesticides and natural conditions during application. In this study a model was developed which estimates loss of 42 active ingredients applied to 11 field crops, vineyards and orchards along each non-point source path of entry (subsurface drains, runoff and spray drift). A spatially and temporally differentiated data set of application rates and periods was compiled for each active ingredient and target culture to enable the modeling of pesticide transport. The model results are provided in digital raster format (100 m×100 m) within a geographic information system (GIS). The calculated pesticide loads in surface waters were compared with measured loads from different catchments in Germany. Both data sets agreed as to the order of magnitude, nevertheless due to the scale of the study the estimated loads cannot be interpreted as absolute values and only differences between active ingredients, regions and application periods should be assessed.     

表流人工湿地在污水处理中的应用

系统地分析了人工湿地的类型、处理系统类型与特点、净化功能的特征、净化污染物的影响因素及净化效果，特别是对我国现己建成运行的表面流城市污水人工湿地处理厂污染物的实际处理效率进行了分析评述。     

螯合树脂富集——原子荧光法测定地面水中的痕量汞

经对数种不同功能团螯合树脂的研究，优选出了对尔吸附效率高，解脱速度快的Ｈ－１Ｓ８型螯合树脂，并对树脂装填柱的形态及体积大小进行了研究。经脂交换与洗脱条件及原子荧光谱测试条件进行了优化实验。实验结果，方法的检出限为０．００２μｇ／Ｌ，测定地面水水样汞的平均浓度为０．００９μｇ／Ｌ；精密度实验的相对标准偏差为５．５％，回收率为９６－１０１％     

Insight into phase structure-dependent soot oxidation activity of K/MnO2 catalyst

In the present study, two nanosized MnO₂ with β and δ phase structures and potassium loaded MnO₂ catalysts with varied K loading amounts (denoted as K/MnO₂) were prepared. Temperature programmed oxidation and isothermal reactions in loose contact modes were employed to examine the soot oxidation activity of the as-prepared catalysts. Characterization results show that as compared with β-MnO₂, δ-MnO₂ has larger surface area and higher content of hydroxyl groups. Upon K loading, abundant hydroxyl groups in δ-MnO₂ effectively sequestrate K cation to form bound K species and free K species are available only at K loading above 3.0 wt.%. In contrast, the majority of K species present as free state in β-MnO₂ even at a K loading of 1.0 wt.% due to its very low hydroxyl group content. The O₂ temperature-programmed desorption (O₂-TPD) demonstrates that the catalysts with free K species exhibit strong ability in activating gaseous O₂, whereas the catalysts only having bound K display minor O₂ activation capability. As a result, despite of slightly lower activity of β-MnO₂ than δ-MnO₂, the K/β-MnO₂ catalysts exhibit substantially higher activities than K/δ-MnO₂ catalysts with identical K loadings. The finding in this study clearly demonstrates that for MnO₂ based catalysts, the enhancement of catalytic activity for soot oxidation is highly K loading amount dependent and the dependency is strongly associated with the phase structure of MnO₂.