固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用法用于地表水中类固醇激素测定

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对雌三醇、氟哌噻吨、炔雌醇、雄烯二酮、雌二醇、雌酚酮、睾酮共7种类固醇激素的检测方法。样品经C18萃取小柱富集净化,采用内标法定量时,方法的检出限为0.66～1.95 ng/L,R0.998,回收率为78.5%～94.6%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～7.7%。采用该方法对上海市地表水进行测定,在2个采样点中检出雌酚酮(1.88 ng/L)和雄烯二酮(1.48 ng/L)。     

挥发酚和总氰化物在三种水质中测定方法的比对

本文采用连续流动注射法[1]和紫外分光光度法[2-3],分别对地表水、生活污水、工业废水三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物进行测定。实验结果表明:两种分析方法测定三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物结果基本一致,检出限、精密度、准确度、加标回收率均符合质量控制要求。连续流动注射法的自动化程度更高,操作更简便,可适用于多种水质挥发酚和总氰化物的分析。     

连云港地区近地面臭氧浓度月均浓度变化特征

利用2014—2018年连云港地区的监测资料,分析了O3的月变化特征,得出O3与NO2、CO呈负相关关系,并给出了相对合理的解释。     

固相微萃取-便携式GC/MS快速测定水中痕量有机磷农药

采用固相微萃取-便携式气相色谱/质谱联用法（In situ SPME/GC-MS）分析地表水和废水中6种有机磷农药,通过优化测定条件,使6种有机磷农药在200 μg/L~500 μg/L范围内线性良好。方法检出限为033 μg/L～122 μg/L,低、高质量浓度标准溶液6次测定结果的RSD为68%~175%,加标回收率为849%~109%,与实验室方法的测定结果基本一致。     

表面处理技术在给排水管道防腐中的应用现状探究

给排水管道是市政排水工程当中不可或缺的重要内容,其质量直接影响着我国当前广大群众们的日常生活质量。随着我国当前城镇化进程迅速发展,广大群众们对自身生活质量要求也日渐增大。给排水管道在建筑当中的投入使用,直接影响着当前广大群众们自身的生活水平和生活质量。本文针对给排水管道出现腐蚀问题的成因进行详细分析,其目的是研究出表面处理技术在给排水管道防腐中的应用途径。     

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles,challenges and opportunities

• CWF is a sustainable POU water treatment method for developing areas. • CWF manufacturing process is critical for its filtration performance. • Simultaneous increase of flow rate and pathogen removal is a challenge. • Control of pore size distribution holds promises to improve CWF efficiency. • Novel coatings of CWFs are a promising method to improve contaminant removal. Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency, and (2) removal of various concerning pollutants, such as viruses and metal(loid)s. To promote the application of CWFs, future research directions can focus on: (1) investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters; and (2) exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.     

Nutrient removal in a pilot and full scale constructed wetland, Putrajaya city, Malaysia

Putrajaya Wetlands in Malaysia, a 200ha constructed wetland system consisting of 24 cells, was created in 1997-1998 to treat surface runoff caused by development and agricultural activities from an upstream catchment before entering Putrajaya Lake (400ha). It was designed for stormwater treatment, flood control and amenity use. The water quality improvement performance of a section of the wetland cells is described. The nutrient removal performance was 82.11% for total nitrogen, 70.73% for nitrate-nitrogen and 84.32% for phosphate, respectively, along six wetland cells from Upper North UN6 to UN1 from April to December 2004. Nutrient removal in pilot scale tank systems, simulating a constructed wetland and planted with examples of common species at Putrajaya, the Common Reed Phragmites karka and Tube Sedge Lepironia articulata, and the capacity of these species to retain nutrients in above and below-ground plant biomass and substrate is reported. The uptake of nutrients by the Common Reed and Tube Sedge from the pilot tank system was 42.1% TKN; 28.9% P and 17.4% TKN; 26.1% P, respectively. The nutrient uptake efficiency of the Common Reed was higher in above-ground than in below-ground tissue. The results have implications for plant species selection in the design of constructed wetlands in Malaysia and for optimizing the performance of these systems.     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定地表水中氨基甲酸酯类农药

通过固相萃取法提取地表水中10种氨基甲酸酯类农药,萃取溶液经浓硫酸脱色,佛罗里硅土柱除杂,用柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定.在5μg/L～500μg/L范围内,标准曲线线性关系良好,仪器检出限低于1μg/L,水样平均加标回收率为90.0%～101%,RSD为1.1%～9.2%.     

珠江三角洲河口及邻近海区沉积物中含氯有机污染物的分布特征

对采自珠江三角洲河口及其邻近海区的表层沉积物样品中含氯有机污染物多氯联苯和有机氯农药进行了定量分析测定,并探讨了其在珠江三角洲地区的分布特征．结果表明,沉积物已受到了一定程度的污染,其中澳门内港和广州河段的样品已经受到严重的有机氯污染.从有机氯农药来看,其分布为澳门内港＞澳门南环湾＞珠江广州河段＞狮子洋＞伶仃洋＞西江;多氯联苯的分布为广州芳村＞澳门内港＞珠江广州河段＞狮子洋＞伶仃洋≈西江．     

用人淋巴细胞微核试验检测地面水致突变性

用胞质阻断微核试验（CBMN）来检测浙江某地区地面水有机提取物的致突变性,并与Ames试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,该水样中含有微量致突变物,CBMN试验和Ames试验结果基本相符,说明CBMN试验用作检测地面水致突变性是可行的,但灵敏度略低于Ames试验。