高锰酸盐指数在线分析仪

介绍了高锰酸盐指数在线分析仪近况和以酸性为基础的在线分析仪及其关键部件的研制，解决了测定低检测限样品和仪器腐蚀的问题。     

花溪水库表层沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

以现代工业化前正常颗粒沉积物中重金属含量的最高背景值为参比值,结合潜在生态风险指数法对花溪沉积物中重金属的生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,花溪水库沉积物中重金属的富集顺序为Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>As>Cd>Hg,污染水平顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>Cr>Zn;重金属的潜在生态风险系数(Eir)表明,除个别样点外,大多属于轻微生态危害范畴;多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数(IR)表明,花溪水库沉积物重金属污染属于轻微生态危害。     

气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定地表水中硫丹及其代谢物

采用气相色谱/负离子化学电离质谱法测定地表水中的硫丹及其代谢物,用正己烷提取,外标法定量。α-硫丹、β-硫丹及硫丹硫酸酯在0.200μg/L～10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为0.010μg/L、0.008μg/L及0.010μg/L,空白加标平行测定的RSD为3.9%～4.8%,地表水样品加标回收率为85.5%～93.8%。     

地表水环境质量标准有机物指标检测分析方法整合

分析地表水环境质量标准68项有机指标分析方法的不足,概述其分析方法整合优化的研究现状,并归纳总结目前地表水中68项有机指标的最新分析方法,结合经典分析方法,将68项有机指标的分析方法由40余种整合为20种。     

海河流域地表水中微囊藻毒素的测定

水样酸化过滤后用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化富集,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定地表水中微囊藻毒素(MC-LR和MC-RR),通过优化试验条件,使方法在1.00μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好。MC-LR和MC-RR在水中的方法检出限为0.12 ng/L和0.2 ng/L,空白加标回收率为72.7%～88.5%,3次测定结果的RSD为9.1%～10.7%。将该方法用于6个海河流域部分重要水源地水样的监测,虽然部分水样中检测出MC-LR和MC-RR,但检出值均低于标准限值。     

干季滇池水质与盘龙江水质的研究

通过对滇池水域和盘龙江下游水质进行采样,分析了水中pH值、浊度、溶解氧(DO)、电导率、叶绿素、化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、氨态氮(NH3-N)等8个指标。研究表明,滇池近岸水域中pH值偏碱性、浊度大、叶绿素含量和化学需氧量高、总磷量高、溶解氧过饱和;在滇池外海水域,除溶解氧、叶绿素较高外,其余指标大多在水质标准(Ⅲ类)范围内;而在盘龙江下游区域内,水质差,各项指标都超过地表水Ⅴ类标准,这一事实可能会加重滇池的水体污染。     

Surface ozone scenario and air quality in the north-central part of India

Tropospheric pollutants including surface ozone(O_3), nitrogen dioxide(NO_2), carbon monoxide(CO) and meteorological parameters were measured at a traffic junction(78°2′ E and 27°11′ N) in Agra, India from January 2012 to December 2012. Temporal analysis of pollutants suggests that annual average mixing ratios of tropospheric pollutants were: O_3— 22.97 ± 23.36 ppbV,NO_2— 19.84 ± 16.71 ppb V and CO — 0.91 ± 0.86 ppm V, with seasonal variations of O_3 having maximum mixing ratio during summer season(32.41 ± 19.31 ppbV), whereas lowest was found in post-monsoon season(8.74 ± 3.8 ppbV). O_3 precursors: NO_2 and CO, showed inverse relationship with O_3. Seasonal variation and high O_3 episodes during summer are associated with meteorological parameters such as high solar radiation, atmospheric temperature and transboundary transport. The interdependence of these variables showed a link between the daytime mixing ratios of O_3 with the nighttime level of NO_2. The mixing ratios of CO and NO_2 showed tight correlations, which confirms the influence of vehicular emissions combined with other anthropogenic activities due to office/working hours, shallowing, and widening of boundary layer. FLEXTRA backward trajectories for the O_3 episode days clearly indicate the transport from the NW and W to S/SE and SW direction at Agra in different seasons.     

Breakthrough CO2 adsorption in bio-based activated carbons

In this work, the effects of different methods of activation on CO₂ adsorption performance of activated carbon were studied. Activated carbons were prepared from biochar, obtained from fast pyrolysis of white wood, using three different activation methods of steam activation, CO₂ activation and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. CO₂ adsorption behavior of the produced activated carbons was studied in a fixed-bed reactor set-up at atmospheric pressure, temperature range of 25–65°C and inlet CO₂ concentration range of 10–30 mol% in He to determine the effects of the surface area, porosity and surface chemistry on adsorption capacity of the samples. Characterization of the micropore and mesopore texture was carried out using N₂ and CO₂ adsorption at 77 and 273 K, respectively. Central composite design was used to evaluate the combined effects of temperature and concentration of CO₂ on the adsorption behavior of the adsorbents. The KOH activated carbon with a total micropore volume of 0.62 cm³/g and surface area of 1400 m²/g had the highest CO₂ adsorption capacity of 1.8 mol/kg due to its microporous structure and high surface area under the optimized experimental conditions of 30 mol% CO₂ and 25°C. The performance of the adsorbents in multi-cyclic adsorption process was also assessed and the adsorption capacity of KOH and CO₂ activated carbons remained remarkably stable after 50 cycles with low temperature (160°C) regeneration.     

Interaction between Cu and different types of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron during their transport in porous media

This study investigated the interaction between Cu^2 + and nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) coated with three types of stabilizers (i.e., polyacrylic acid [PAA], Tween-20 and starch) by examining the Cu^2 + uptake, colloidal stability and mobility of surface-modified NZVI (SM-NZVI) in the presence of Cu^2 +. The uptake of Cu^2 + by SM-NZVI and the colloidal stability of the Cu-bearing SM-NZVI were examined in batch tests. The results showed that NZVI coated with different modifiers exhibited different affinities for Cu^2 +, which resulted in varying colloidal stability of different SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 +. The presence of Cu^2 + exerted a slight influence on the aggregation and settling of NZVI modified with PAA or Tween-20. However, the presence of Cu^2 + caused significant aggregation and sedimentation of starch-modified NZVI, which is due to Cu^2 + complexation with the starch molecules coated on the surface of the particles. Column experiments were conducted to investigate the co-transport of Cu^2 + in association with SM-NZVI in water-saturated quartz sand. It was presumed that a physical straining mechanism accounted for the retention of Cu-bearing SM-NZVI in the porous media. Moreover, the enhanced aggregation of SM-NZVI in the presence of Cu^2 + may be contributing to this straining effect.     

流动注射化学发光法测定环境水样中痕量Pb2+的方法研究

在碱性介质中,鲁米诺和过氧化氢能产生稳定的发光信号,Pb2+-EDTA络合物对鲁米诺-过氧化氢体系的化学发光产生微弱的抑制作用,而表面活性剂吐温-80的加入可以改变发光体系的微环境性质,从而对化学发光体系起到增敏作用。据此建立测定环境水样中痕量Pb2+的流动注射化学发光分析方法。此方法用于测定环境水样中Pb2+的含量,具有检出限高,操作简便,分析速度快等优点。