真实储蓄率与可持续发展研究

随着全球经济高速发展,地球上的环境却持续恶化,由于经济与环境相互牵制又相互促进,如何实现经济不断增长并能有效保护环境,即实现“可持续发展”成为目前大家普遍关注的问题,本文分析了真实储蓄概念的提出,认为真实储蓄率是基于传统国民经济核算以上两方面的缺陷而提出的。并进一步解释了真实储蓄率的概念,绿色GDP和真实储蓄的关系,及真实储蓄,可持续收入（SI）及生态国民生产净值（EDP）,可持续经济福利指标（ISEW）和真实发展指数（GPI）几种货币化的可持续发展指标的相互关系,认为真实储蓄是一种比较实用的衡量可持续发展的综合指标。     

低碳经济与“两型社会”的相关性及指标研究

能源和环境是本世纪紧密关联的两个最重要问题,因此发展低碳经济,建设“两型社会”是中国寻求自身进一步发展的必经之路。首先在分析低碳经济与“两型社会”理念内涵的基础上,揭示了两者的关系,它们虽然是两个独立的概念,但也存在紧密联系;其次在“两型社会”建设中融入低碳经济发展的“脱钩”指标,它和其他指标一起评价“两型社会”的建设成果,是判断“两型社会”是否成功的重要标志。本文选择的低碳经济发展的“脱钩”指标主要包括能源消耗与经济增长的“脱钩”指标以及二氧化碳排放与经济增长的“脱钩”指标。这些低碳发展评价指标不仅能够反映经济增长与资源环境变化的响应关系,还能进一步评价“两型社会”建设成果,具有深远的理论和实践意义。     

不同基质上着生生物群落生态学特性比较研究

为了寻找最佳采样基质和方法,研究使用各种不同自然和人工基质对天然水体中的着生生物群落进行了采样。自然基质选取菹草、光壳钉螺和沿岸石块。人工基质采样装置由载玻片和染色架构成．使用时悬挂于河水之中。对各基质上的着生生物现存量、藻类细胞密度、着生藻类叶绿素a和着生生物干重等生态学指标进行了分析和比较．并简要分析了造成差异的原因。分析结果表明,各基质上着生藻类在种类组成上基本相似,以硅藻门、绿藻门为主。优势藻种为舟形藻属短小舟形藻、异极藻属缢缩异极藻和脆杆藻属克洛脆杆藻。不同基质上着生藻类的组成与藻类习性和细胞构造有关,与基质无关。但是不同基质也造成藻种间多样性的差异．这可能与基质表面粗糙程度、水流方向有关。附石藻类表征水体污染效果最好,所以建议采样时选取形状规则的石块为基质．最能反映着生生物群落的真实情况。     

Biogenic cements and encapsulation of zinc

Metals can be stabilized into cement matrix by solidification/stabilization process. Rice hull is an agricultural residue containing about 10-20% (weight) of silica. It can be used to synthesize β-Ca₂SiO₄, an important component of Portland cement. Furthermore it is possible to prepare β-Ca₂SiO₄ doped with heavy metals. Here we describe the synthesis of β-Ca₂SiO₄ doped with zinc and the behavior of mortars prepared using this material. Products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The maximum amount of zinc that can be inserted into β-Ca₂SiO₄, without affecting the crystalline structure, is limited to 2% (molar basis). In comparison with conventional mortars, zinc-modified mortars show a similar behavior, regarding porosity, resistance to acidic attack and compressive strength. The synthesis of β-Ca₂SiO₄ doped with zinc presents a new possibility for safety enhancement in solidification/stabilization processes.     

Ozone sensitivity analysis with the MM5-CMAQ modeling system for Shanghai

Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O3/(NOy-NOx) and H2O2/HNO3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban areas, while it tended to be NOx sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai.     

循环半干法脱硫系统设计与应用

本文描述了菲达环保引进的法国Alstom公司的循环半干法（NID-FGD）脱硫技术系统组成及技术优势,并介绍了巨宏热电厂1×135MW机组NID-FGD脱硫工程的设计参数、运行情况及技术经济指标。     

草原生物多样性监测指标体系构建的探讨

草原生物多样性监测目前已成为草原生物多样性研究和保护的热点问题。草原生物多样性监测指标则是一些简化的生物或环境特征参数,说明草原生物多样性现状和变化趋势,以及人类活动压力对草原生物多样性的影响,以促进科学界、政府和公众间的沟通,提高草原生物多样性管理水平。本文综述了草原生物多样性监测指标筛选的一般标准和指标体系构建的主要理论,梳理目前已提出或应用的主要生物多样性监测指标,以期为我国构建国家或区域尺度生物多样性监测指标体系提供参考。     

土地利用规划环境影响跟踪评价分析

文章就环境影响跟踪评价是否适用于土地利用规划的实施进行了分析,并提出了实施评价的具体程序,基于价值模型建立了评价指标体系,采用指标体系法有效简化了评价工作的复杂性。并以扬州市土地利用总体规划(2005-2020)跟踪评价为例,进行了案例研究。通过回顾性评价和预测评价,识别出了主要环境问题以及环境制约因素,并根据规划总目标、阶段目标和环境保护规划、环境功能区划,进一步提出环境保护对策和措施,且对规划目标进行了调整。     

南方城市餐饮业垃圾特性调查及处理对策分析

针对目前南方餐饮业垃圾产生量大、污染严重、缺乏合理处理处置技术的现状,选择杭州作为南方城市的典型代表,研究了三类餐饮业垃圾（中餐饭馆、中餐食堂和西餐餐饮点）四季的成分变化特征,探讨了各特性指标对处理处置技术的影响,并根据指标特性对餐饮业垃圾的各种处理处置方法进行了评价．结果表明,南方城市餐饮业垃圾含水率可达60％以上,...     

Research on Methods of Ecological Security Assessment of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Based on GIS

Abstract

Ecological security assessment and early warning research possess the attributes of spatiality, non-linearity and randomicity, so we must process much spatial information. Spatial analysis and data management are the advantages of GIS, which can define distribution trend and spatial relations of environmental factors, and show ecological security pattern graphically. Spatial differences of ecological security assessment based on GIS are discussed in this paper, of which the middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe River is taken as a study case. First, to work out pressure-state-response (P-S-R) assessment indicators system, and investigate in person and gather information; second, to digitize the watershed; third, to quantize and calculate by the fuzzy method; last, to construct GIS grid database, and expound spatial differences of ecological security by GIS interpolation and assembly analysis.