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161.
刘利柱 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》1999,(4)
实施可持续发展战略,就是要实现经济建设与环境保护协调发展。本文从佳木斯市实际出发,提出了环境保护职能部门如何参与经济结构调整以实现经济与环境协调发展的意见和建议。 相似文献
162.
本文在剖析绿色技术的概念内涵与特征的基础上,构建了由清洁生产技术、资源化技术、末端治理技术、生态农业技术、绿色食品技术、清洁消费技术与生态恢复技术等为主要内容的我国绿色技术体系,并从行政、经济、法律、教育及科研等五个方面阐述了促进我国可持续发展的绿色技术实施策略。 相似文献
163.
赵玉华 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》1999,(2)
海岸带环境资源综合管理,是对海岸带资源可持续开发利用模式下的现代综合管理。本文在对区域海岸带环境资源综合管理的内涵及管理目标进行分析的基础上,以秦皇岛海岸带环境资源实施综合管理为例,提出了区域海岸带环境资源综合管理的评价过程及模式。 相似文献
164.
长江洪涝灾害的可持续发展综合防御对策体系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
洪涝灾害严重制约了长江流域可持续发展, 本文分析了洪涝灾害的主要成因, 从合理协调人口——资源环境——社会经济三者之间深层次关系出发, 建立了长江洪涝灾害的可持续发展综合防御对策体系 相似文献
165.
Manoliadis OG 《Environmental management》2001,28(4):497-504
Irrigation management calls for objective criteria capable of representing the economy, reliability, and productivity of irrigation
systems. These criteria must be compatible with long-term sustainability and conservation goals. The criteria representing
the above goals are the economic effect of management on yield reduction, economic effect, and reliability referring to plant
growth and operation of the network. In this study environmental indices are introduced to express the above criteria in quantitative
terms. The inclusion of these indices at the farm and network level create a multicriteria framework for decision-making based
on composite programming. An experimental study was conducted during the irrigation periods of 1989 and 1990 in Chania, Greece,
concerning water delivered to 40 experimental plots, soil moisture content at the rootzone, and irrigation system operational
failures. The data collected in real time were used for the calculation of the corresponding environmental indices. The variation
in time and space is high and resulted in up to 62% of yield loss and low system performance (up to 7% of system temporal
reliability). The study indicated that environmental indices could be incorporated to select alternatives and also to develop
policies on water delivery. The final decision involves a trade-off analysis between cost of application and desired system
performance. Measures of both primary objectives can be obtained using environmental indices that represent system operation
aggregation at its basic levels (on farm and network). 相似文献
166.
Forest Protection and Reforestation in Costa Rica: Evaluation of a Clean Development Mechanism Prototype 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Subak S 《Environmental management》2000,26(3):283-297
/ Costa Rica has recently established a program that provides funds for reforestation and forest protection on private lands, partly through the sale of carbon certificates to industrialized countries. Countries purchasing these carbon offsets hope one day to receive credit against their own commitments to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. Costa Rica has used the proceeds of the sale of carbon offsets to Norway to help finance this forest incentive program, called the Private Forestry Project, which pays thousands of participants to reforest or protect forest on their lands. The Private Forestry Project is accompanied by a monitoring program conducted by Costa Rican forest engineers that seeks to determine net carbon storage accomplished on these lands each year. The Private Forestry Project, which is officially registered as an Activity Implemented Jointly, is a possible model for bundled projects funded by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) established by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It also serves as an interesting example for the CDM because it was designed by a developing country host-not by an industrialized country investor. Accordingly, it reflects the particular "sustainable development" objectives of the host country or at least the host planners. Early experience in implementing the Private Forestry Project is evaluated in light of the main objectives of the CDM and its precursor-Activities Implemented Jointly. It is concluded that the project appears to meet the criteria of global cost-effectiveness and financing from non-ODA sources. The sustainable development implications of the project are specific to the region and would not necessarily match the ideals of all investing and developing countries. The project may be seen to achieve additional greenhouse gas abatement when compared against some (although not all) baselines. 相似文献
167.
Specific Conductance and pH as Indicators of Watershed Disturbance in Streams of the New Jersey Pinelands, USA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
/ We used linear regression to independently and jointly relate specific conductance and pH measured at New Jersey Pinelands stream sites to the percentage of altered land in a watershed. Percentage altered land included developed and agricultural land uses and represented watershed disturbance for a given site. Median values calculated for a 2-year period (September 1992 through August 1994) characterized pH and specific conductance at the study sites. We found the relationships between the median values for both water-quality measures and percentage altered land for a site to be consistent across subregion and dominant altered-land use. Our results also demonstrated that the water-quality/altered-land relationships developed using median values were similar to relationships developed using data from any single-sample period within the entire study period. Individually, pH and specific conductance explained 48% and 56%, respectively, of the variability in watershed disturbance among study sites. The joint use of pH and specific conductance explained 79% of the watershed disturbance variability among sites. The joint use of these easily obtained water-quality measures can provide a quick assessment of instream water-quality impacts from upstream watershed disturbance at any Pinelands stream site. Additionally, a range in pH and specific conductance, and hence a range in ambient water quality, can be predicted for a given altered-land percentage or a change in existing altered-land conditions. 相似文献
168.
This paper describes an application of multiple criteria analysis (MCA) in assessing criteria and indicators adapted for a
particular forest management unit. The methods include: ranking, rating, and pairwise comparisons. These methods were used
in a participatory decision-making environment where a team representing various stakeholders and professionals used their
expert opinions and judgements in assessing different criteria and indicators (C&I) on the one hand, and how suitable and
applicable they are to a forest management unit on the other. A forest concession located in Kalimantan, Indonesia, was used
as the site for the case study. Results from the study show that the multicriteria methods are effective tools that can be
used as structured decision aids to evaluate, prioritize, and select sets of C&I for a particular forest management unit.
Ranking and rating approaches can be used as a screening tool to develop an initial list of C&I. Pairwise comparison, on the
other hand, can be used as a finer filter to further reduce the list. In addition to using these three MCA methods, the study
also examines two commonly used group decision-making techniques, the Delphi method and the nominal group technique. Feedback
received from the participants indicates that the methods are transparent, easy to implement, and provide a convenient environment
for participatory decision-making. 相似文献
169.
170.
Gladys Mutangadura 《Natural resources forum》2007,31(3):176-187
The study presented in this article used a combination of key informant interviews and a review and synthesis of existing country level literature to identify the major sources of land tenure insecurity in six Southern African countries: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zambia. Findings reveal that the main causes of land tenure insecurity experienced in Southern Africa include lack of land rights of minority groups, unclear or overlapping land rights, overcrowding, land alienation into leasehold, insecurity of farm workers and farm labour tenants, inappropriate and exploitative administrative practices, land encroachment and illegal settlers and limited women's land rights. The article presents a summary of land tenure security related initiatives that the study countries have or are in the process of adopting. Analysis of these initiatives shows that tenure reforms have focused on changing the law and rules but little has been done to translate new laws into implementable programs; capacity building; prioritization of resources to support tenure reform; provision of complementary policies and incentives; addressing HIV/AIDS‐land tenure related problems; and monitoring and evaluation. The paper contends that these policy issues should be addressed in order to ensure realization of land tenure security for all. 相似文献