两段式沸石多级土壤渗滤系统强化脱氮试验

针对两段式沸石多级土壤渗滤系统(MSL)第2段(缺氧段)反硝化不足的问题,采取分段进水的方式,探讨处理生活污水和受污染河流时,MSL系统的强化脱氮效果.结果表明,在分段进水后,MSL系统TN平均去除率提高26%,缺氧段反硝化能力明显提高,但仍存在最终出水NO3--N平均去除率为负值的问题.进一步将进水C/N从0.8增加到2.5后,MSL系统TN去除率从53.7%上升到89.4%,说明适宜的进水C/N是决定MSL系统氮去除能力的因素之一.分段进水对MSL系统有机物和磷的去除效果无明显影响.     

Role of the reduction site in the fluorinated or sulfated TiO2 photocatalytic process

In this article,the effects of TiO_2 surface fluorination and sulfation,on the active oxygen species formed at the reduction site in the photocatalytic process,namely O_2~(?) and H_2O_2,were investigated from a new perspective.The superoxide radical,(O_2~(?)),was determined by colorimetry of nitroblue tetrazolium,a prominent O_2~(?) scavenger.Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) was estimated by using the iodide-starch method.In the naked TiO_2 photocatalysis,O_2~(?) though less reactive,was a very important intermediate.When the TiO_2 surface was fluorinated,more O_2~(?) and H_2O_2 were produced,which indicated that the surface modification could greatly reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,thus enhancing the photocatalytic rate.In the sulfated system,photocatalysis proceeded with a more complicated mechanism.These results added support to the view of fluoride-induced enhancement and sulfide's nonappreciable inhibition effect.     

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

● Fe₃O₄ NPs increased the biomass and chlorophyll content of hemp clones. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs penetrated and were internalized by root cells. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs induced the alteration of metabolite profiles in hemp leaves. ● The psychoactive compound THC in hemp leaves was significantly down-regulated. We investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs, ~17 nm in size) on the phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an annual crop distributed worldwide. Hemp clones were grown in hydroponic cultures with Fe₃O₄ NPs (50, 100, 200, or 500 mg/L) for four weeks. TEM and ICP-MS were used to determine Fe₃O₄ NPs uptake and translocation. LC-MS-based metabolomics was employed to explore the deep insight into the effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on hemp plants. The results revealed that plant growth enhanced gradually with increasing concentrations of given NPs up to 200 mg/L, which improved the fresh weight and dry weight by 36.13% and 74.68%, respectively, compared to the control. Even at a high dose (500 mg/L), Fe₃O₄ NPs promoted plant growth, including increased biomass and tissue length. NPs significantly increased the iron and chlorophyll content in plant tissues Increased catalase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide content in hemp leaves suggested that the Fe₃O₄ NPs activated the defense system. TEM showed that NPs were abundantly attached to the cell wall and dispersed throughout the root cells. Metabolomics revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in hemp leaves, including the up-regulation of carbohydrates and organic acids, and down-regulation of antioxidants, especially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The significantly up-regulated metabolites, including peonidin and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, could be involved in photosynthesis in hemp plants. These results demonstrate the potential of Fe₃O₄ NPs for promoting hemp growth and decreasing the THC content at low doses.     

钢纤维对混凝土疲劳性能增强的研究

钢纤维混凝土是将少量的钢钎维均匀地撒布于混凝土板的上下表面．中间仍为素混凝土。利用了钢钎维的增强性能对板面薄弱部分进行加强。通过梁的弯曲疲劳试验．得到钢钎维混凝土和素混凝土的曲线;进行分析比较．得出钢纤维对混凝土疲劳性能增强机理。     

模拟增温对川西北高寒草甸两种典型植物生长和光合特征的影响

在野外自然条件下采用开顶式生长室(OTC)模拟增温的方法,研究了增温对川西北高寒草甸两种典型植物--单子叶草本植物发草(Deschampsia caespitosa)和双子叶草本植物遏蓝荣(Thlaspi arvense)生长和光合特征的影响.结果表明,增温有利于发草地上生物量的增加,其光响应曲线明显高于对照处理,净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(C_s)、最大净光合速率(P_(max))、暗呼吸速率(R_d)、表观量子效率(AQY)和光饱和点(LSP)显著高于对照处理,而光补偿点(LCP)却显著低于对照处理,并且最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)、光合量子产量(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(q_p)和非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)与对照处理相比,都显著增加;增温后遏蓝菜的单株生物量积累显著下降,其光响应曲线也明显低于对照处理,P_n、T_r、C_s、P_(max)、R_d、AQY和LSP显著低于对照处理,F_v/F_m、Yield和q_p在增温后显著减少,而q_N却显著增加.图5表3参25     

全自养脱氮颗粒污泥的培养及脱氮性能的恢复与强化

采用交替限氧-厌氧和低充放比(30%)运行模式,在SBR反应器中成功启动全自养脱氮(CANON)工艺,启动过程经历常规硝化主导阶段、短程硝化主导阶段和全自养脱氮阶段,总氮去除速率和总氮去除效率分别达到(312±15)mg/(L·d)和(71.2±4.3)%.培养得到的污泥中颗粒污泥(粒径3300μm)和絮状污泥(粒径<300μm)体积分别占污泥总体积的39%和61%.在自养脱氮性能恶化的SBR反应器进水中长期添加适量N2H4,反应器脱氮性能得以恢复甚至强化,反应器总氮去除速率升高到(480±34)mg/(L·d),颗粒污泥的比例增加到污泥总体积的51%.     

模拟烟气中NO、NO_x的微生物净化效率强化研究

NO的脱除效率已成为微生物净化燃煤烟气NOx双塔流程的瓶颈。为了提高微生物净化烟气中NO、NOx的效率,分别研究了脱硫塔添加Fe SO4·7H2O、脱氮塔添加Na NO2对微生物净化模拟烟气中NO、NOx效率的影响作用。结果表明:脱硫塔添加0.23 g/L Fe SO4·7H2O,其NO平均脱除率为61.04%,比空白试验的35.31%提高明显;脱硫塔NOx平均脱除率为62.16%,比空白试验的31.10%提高约1倍;双塔NOx平均总脱除率从空白试验的61.8%增至86.9%。浓度梯度试验结果表明:0.23 g/L Fe SO4·7H2O是脱硫塔内较为合适的添加浓度。脱氮塔添加0.50 g/L Na NO2后,脱氮塔NO平均脱除率从空白试验的39.92%提高到52.11%;脱氮塔NOx平均脱除率从空白试验的47.67%增至58.90%;双塔NOx平均总脱除率从空白试验的70.75%增至79.32%。反复多次验证试验均证明:Fe SO4·7H2O和Na NO2的分别添加的确大幅度地强化了烟气中NO、NOx的微生物净化效率。     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫装置中喷雾增湿技术的研究

脱硫塔内喷雾增湿技术是影响燃煤锅炉半干半湿法烟气脱硫效果的一个重要环节。分析了供水量和压力的变化关系 ,通过对脱硫装置喷雾增湿技术的优化 ,实现对增湿系统高压水的压强的精确调节 ,控制脱硫塔内雾滴的颗粒直径在 80 μm左右 ,从而达到理想的增湿效果     

高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害机理及应用

为研究高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害的可行性,以余吾煤业高瓦斯矿井东翼采区内首采N2105工作面工程地质条件为背景,通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工业性试验等方法,对N2105进风平巷两帮采取高压水射流卸压防治效果进行了研究。结果表明:对巷帮煤体采取高压水射流卸压技术,煤体在高压水射流的冲击力和扰动应力波共同作用下瞬间发生破坏;巷帮侧支承应力分布曲线由原有的“单高峰值”转变为“内低外高双峰值”,受以上支承应力变化的影响,底板煤岩体内难以形成范围较大且连续的塑性应力状态区;现场电磁辐射和矿压监测结果表明高压水射流技术对煤层卸压增透效果显著,降低了巷道发生复合动力灾害的可能性。研究结果可为同类矿井复合动力灾害的防治提供参考和借鉴。