基于3S技术的呼和浩特市土地利用／覆盖变化研究

本文以呼和浩特市为研究对象,利用遥感（RS技术）、地理信息系统（GIS技术）以及全球定位系统技术（GPS技术）——简称3S技术,对呼和浩特市2000、2004年遥感影像进行了综合技术处理,获得2期土地利用现状图,据此对呼和浩特市土地利用变化幅度及变化速度、土地利用变化程度、土地利用变化空间动态进行了分析,为区域土地资源科学管理及实现区域土地资源可持续利用提供科学依据。     

微生物源示踪源解析算法研究与系统原型构建

微生物源示踪是通过分析粪便污染源的特异性指纹图谱来确定水体污染来源的新技术.本文通过对微生物源示踪过程中依赖数据库的源解析方法和不依赖数据库的源解析方法利弊的分析,利用统计学原理提出了一种依赖数据库的微生物源解析算法.对特异性指纹图谱进行标准化处理后,建立特异性指纹图谱库,提出基于B/S架构的微生物源示踪分析系统原型设...     

一种面向中小企业的LCA软件开发思想及开发实践

针对目前LCA应用仅局限于研究机构和大型企业,而中小企业环境压力更大的现状,提出了一种将LCA理论应用于中小企业的新方法,模板化LCA(TDLCA),给出了其定义,讨论了模板化LCA实施的理论基础,模板建立的方式,并在此基础上开发了面向中小企业的产品生命周期评价软件SME-LCA。SME-LCA在保证评价结果准确性的前提下,软件操作难度大大降低,节省了评价时间,提高了LCA的执行效率。TDLCA结合了LCA研究人员和中小企业的产品开发人员两方面的优势,是将LCA理论应用于中小企业的有效方法。     

重庆荣昌地区S波分裂研究

利用荣昌地区数字地震波资料,计算该区s波分裂参数,使用获得的s波分裂参数研究汶川地震对荣昌地区介质的影响。结果表明,汶川地震前后快波偏振方向无显著改变,均与区域范围内断裂及断层走向相关性较好;随着汶川地震的临震,延迟时间增大,而震后大约1年多的时间内,S波分裂的快、慢波延迟时间维持在较小的水平,之后延迟时间出现恢复性增...     

Plant species coexistence alleviates the impacts of lead on Zea mays L.

Whether plant coexistence can reduce the impacts of lead (Pb) on crops in agroecosystems has not been well understood. We conducted a factorial experiment to investigate the effects of weeds coexisting with maize (Zea mays L.) on Pb accumulation in maize and soil microbes at two Pb levels (ambient and 300 mg/kg). Elevated Pb tended to increase the Pb concentration in maize and decreased soil microbial activity (indicated by the average well color development, AWCD), functional group diversity, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and vesicle number of maize. Compared to the monoculture, weeds coexisting with maize reduced the Pb concentrations in the root, leaf, sheath and stem of maize at both seedling and mature stages. In maize-weed mixtures, soil microbial activity and functional group diversity tended to increase for both Pb treatments relative to the monoculture. Furthermore, principal component analysis revealed that the soil microbial community structure changed with the introduction of weeds. The highest Pb accumulation in weeds occurred for the elevated Pb treatment in a three species mixture. The results suggest that multiple plant species coexistence could reduce lead accumulation in crop plants and alleviate the negative impacts on soil microbes in polluted land, thereby highlighting the significance of plant diversity in agroecosystems.     

Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities

The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the α, β, and γ subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of γ-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem.     

液化石油气球罐泄漏扩散的数值模拟

利用流体力学Fluent软件,对液化石油气球罐区泄漏扩散进行了数值模拟,主要研究不同风速和不同形状障碍物存在条件下扩散流场的变化规律。结果表明:风速影响扩散方向、距离、浓度以及扩散平衡时间;障碍物的存在改变了常规扩散轨迹、空腔区浓度积聚,且不同曲率的障碍物在介质扩散过程中所承受的外压不同。该研究结果对球罐区安全事故救援具有指导意义。     

基于水动力学的中小水库藻类生长模型及蓝藻暴发的模拟

应用PHREEQC软件建立了基于水动力学作用的温岭市太湖水库藻类生长模型。选用2007年度温岭市太湖水库总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的实测值,采用三次样条插值的方法估计出每一天的总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的数值,对模型参数进行了率定和验证。将建立的模型应用于2009年温岭市桐岭水库水华暴发的模拟预测中,结果表明本文所建立的模型进行模拟运算精度较高,可以应用于中小型水库水华暴发的模拟预测方面。     

B610E不同焊接接头在石油沉积水中的耐蚀性研究

通过室内浸泡、应力腐蚀试验对B610E高强储罐铜所用不同焊接方式在石油沉积水中的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明,B610E气体保护焊材料的耐蚀性最好,将Q235＋B610E埋弧平焊对接后,由于存在电偶对,耐蚀效果最差。在石油沉积水中,B610E埋横焊具有中等SCC抗力,B610E气体保护焊、B610E气电立焊以及B610E＋Q235埋弧平焊对接具有高的SCC抗力。     

3S技术在林纸一体化项目生态环境影响评价中的应用

文章以梧州市某林浆纸一体化原料林建设项目为例,借助3S技术分析原料林基地建设对生态环境的影响,探讨3S技术在生态环境影响评价中的应用。