基于核磁共振技术不同煤样吸附CH4实验研究

为研究CH4在高、中、低阶3种煤样(无烟煤、焦煤、长焰煤)中的吸附特性及分布规律,采用低场核磁共振技术在不同吸附时间、不同压力条件下分别进行不同煤样的吸附甲烷实验.从微观上分析时间效应、变质效应、压力效应对煤吸附CH4的影响规律及甲烷在煤上各个孔径阶段分布变化.结果表明:随着吸附时间的增大,3种煤样的吸附态T2谱振幅积...     

IC色谱仪电位法测定S^2—的运用与研究

介绍了应用ＹＩＣ－８型离子色谱仪电化学检测器测定标准样品及废水样中Ｓ＾２－的含量,同时与化学法进行比较,肯定了电位法的准确性、可靠性。     

水质TOC在线自动分析仪的现状

对水中总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型,主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等的发展状况进行了评述。     

Eutrophication of Lake Tasaul,Romania—proposals for rehabilitation

Background, aim, and scope  The reclamation of nonferrous metal-polluted soil by phytoremediation requires an overall and permanent plant cover. To select the most suitable plant species, it is necessary to study metal effects on plants over the time, thereby checking that metals remain stored in root systems and not transferred to aerial parts. In this purpose, the seasonal and annual variations of metal bioaccumulation, transfer, and phytotoxicity in Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne grown in a Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil were also studied. Materials and methods  The experimental site was located near a closed smelter. In spring 2004, two areas were sown with T. repens and L. perenne, respectively. Thereafter, the samplings of plant roots and shoots and surrounding soils were realized in autumn 2004 and spring and autumn 2005. The soil agronomic characteristics, the Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the surrounded soils and plant organs, as well as the oxidative alterations (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) in plant organs were carried out. Results  Whatever the sampling period, metal concentrations in soils and plants were higher than background values. Contrary to the soils, the fluctuations of metal concentrations were observed in plant organs over the time. Bioaccumulation and transfer factors confirmed that metals were preferentially accumulated in the roots as follows: Cd>Zn>Pb, and their transfer to shoots was limited. Foliar metal deposition was also observed. The results showed that there were seasonal and annual variations of metal accumulation in the two studied plant species. These variations differed according to the organs and followed nearly the same pattern for the two species. Oxidative alterations were observed in plant organs with regard to SOD antioxidant activities, MDA, and 8-OHdG concentrations. These alterations vary according to the temporal variations of metal concentrations. Discussion  Metal concentrations in surrounded soils and plant organs showed the effective contamination by industrial dust emissions. Metals absorbed by plants were mainly stored in the roots. With regard to this storage, the plants seemed to limit the metal transfer to their aerial parts over the time, thereby indicating their availability for metal phytostabilization. Aerial deposition was another source of plant exposure to nonferrous metals. Despite the occurrence of metal-induced oxidative alterations in plant organs, both plant species seemed to tolerate a high metal concentration in soils. Conclusions  Taken together, these results indicated that T. repens and L. perenne were able to form a plant cover on highly Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-polluted soils, to limit the metal transfer to their aerial parts and were relatively metal-tolerant. All these characteristics made them suitable for phytostabilization on metal-contaminated soils. These findings also highlighted the necessity to take into account seasonal and annual variations for a future phytomanagement. Recommendations and perspectives  In this work, the behavior of plant species grown in metal-polluted soil has been studied during 2 years. Obviously, this time is too short to ensure that metals remain accumulated in the root system and few are transferred in aerial parts over the time. It is why regular monitoring should be achieved during more than a decade after the settlement of the plant cover. This work will be completed by the study of the T. repens and L. perenne effects on mobility of metals in order to evaluate the quantities of pollutants which could be absorbed by the biota and transferred to groundwater. Bioaccessibility tests could be also realized on polluted soils in order to evaluate the phytostabilization impacts on the exposition risks for humans.     

长时间服役的进口锅炉T91炉管失效行为研究

针对某进口亚临界锅炉三级过热器T91炉管失效事件,通过对其进行硬度、金相组织和SEM扫描电镜分析找出导致爆管的原因,并根据高温氧化皮厚度对其进行蠕变剩余寿命评估,结果表明该段T91管材爆管类型为典型长期过热爆管,炉管长期处于较高温度运行导致组织老化严重,力学性能下降,引起材料蠕变损伤,导致长期过热爆管,经计算其蠕变剩余寿命已达到寿命极限。本文对该锅炉防止类似事故具有重要作用,并对国内其他同在二十世纪90年代开始服役的T9彳炉管具有重大的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Thermal Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Systems: A Parametric Study

Conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) module converts the light component of solar radiation into electrical power, and heat part is absorbed by module increasing its operating temperature. Combined PV module and heat exchanger generating both electrical and thermal powers is called as hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system. The paper presents the design of a PV/T collector, made with thin film PV technology and a spiral flow absorber, and a simulation model, developed through the system of several mathematical equations, to evaluate the performance of PV/T water collectors. The effect of various parameters on the thermal and electrical efficiency has been investigated to obtain optimum combination of parameters. Finally, a numerical simulation has been carried out for the daily and annual yield of the proposed PV/T collector, and comparison with a standard PV module is discussed.     

Case study: T2 Laboratories explosion

A tragic explosion resulting from a runaway chemical reaction occurred at the T2 Laboratories, Inc. facility in December 2007. The U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) completed an incident investigation of the T2 explosion, identifying the root cause as a failure to recognize the runaway reaction hazard associated with the chemical it was producing. Understanding the consequences of process upset conditions is critical to determine risk. This paper will focus on lessons learned from this incident including a comprehensive hazard assessment for reactive chemicals as well as proper collection and application of adiabatic calorimetry data to characterize the chemical reaction and determine appropriate mitigation strategies. Examples will be provided to establish safer operating conditions, implement safeguards and reduce the overall risk.     

活性炭及活性炭纤维对CS2的吸附行为研究及其方法探讨

以活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中CS:的吸附处理作为研究对象,并与另外两种活性炭(颗粒活性炭GAC和粉末活性炭PAC)进行对比研究,展示了ACF对CS:的优异吸附性能与处理效果,即吸附容量大,吸附低浓度效果好.同时运用新的宽平衡浓度吸附试验方法,测试了ACF、GAC、PAC对CS2的吸附平衡曲线,并对几种常见的吸附等温方程...     

The Great East Japan Earthquake,tsunami, and nuclear meltdown: towards the (re)construction of a safe,sustainable, and compassionate society in Japan's shrinking regions

Japan's rural regions have been shrinking for the entire post-war period, and successive efforts to revitalise rural society have failed. This article examines whether the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, and the subsequent meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, present the Japanese state and society with a watershed opportunity to rethink regional revitalisation and national energy procurement strategies. The article begins by summarising the events of March and April 2011, examines possible approaches to the reconstruction of communities in the Tōhoku region, and critiques problems of governance in post-war Japan that the disaster reveals. It concludes by pulling together the information and analysis presented into a discussion of the prospects for achieving the three-point vision for a safe, sustainable, and compassionate society that Prime Minister Naoto Kan set the Reconstruction Design Council.     

T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪在环境监测中的应用研究

便携式水质快速检测仪具有测量速度快、体积小、重量轻、便于携带等特点,特别适用于水质现场快速测定.在T3WS快速检测仪30余个项目中选择六价铬、甲醛、砷、氨氮、硫化物等五项常用指标,进行试管一致性、校准曲线斜率、截距、相关系数、检出限、测定范围、精密度、准确度以及与实验室分析方法比对等试验.结果表明,T3WS快速检测仪测试标准样品测试结果均在允许误差范围内,标准样品及地袁水、废水样品测试结果的相对偏差均小于10％,与实验室分析结果之间最大相对误差分别为-6.1％、15.9％、15％、-7.2％、-21.0％,T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪用于水质现场快速测定结果的精密度与准确度是可以接受的.