A System for Measuring Vertical Concentration Profiles of Gaseous Pollutants,Using Carbon Dioxide as a Case Study

An electronically-controlled sampling system, characterised by its organ pipe design, has been developed for sampling air sequentially, at different heights within the breathing zone. Data are automatically logged at the different receptor levels, for the determination of the average vertical concentration profile of gaseous pollutants. The system has been coupled to a carbon dioxide monitor and used in a brief study of the spatial and temporal variation of indoor carbon dioxide concentration. The system can easily be extended for different heights or modified for use with other types of gas monitor. The results of a trial run, which was carried out in a coffee room, are presented and applications of the Organ Pipe Sequential Sampling (OPSS) system are discussed.     

医疗保健行业中的纳米材料：职业风险和预防

欧洲职业健康安全署近期发布电子纪要,解释了保健行业工作者在他们工作场所的日常活动中如何与纳米材料发生可能的接触,并提供了预防潜在接触可以采取的措施。这些措施包括国家层面的法律监管、消除与替代、工程控制、管理措施以及个体防护装备（PPE）。作者特编译此文,为国内相关领域提供参考。     

Experimental analysis of radiographer exposure to the static field from a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging machine

Introduction. This study measures the exposure of occupational therapists from a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. Method. A total of 14 time-series on each of the chest, head and hand were taken before and after different MRI procedures. The peak values were noted in each case together with an average of all data recorded in the time-series. Results. The highest exposure recorded was observed on the hand, followed by the head and the chest. The overall maximum exposure (1479.40?mT) recorded was observed on the hand during a change of coil. It was also observed that the recorded exposure of experienced radiographers working in the MRI environment was less than that of junior staff due to different practices. Conclusion. This study is of significant importance in Malta since it is the first conducted in a MRI environment, especially because the results were compared with limits imposed by EU Directive 2013/35/EU which has to be implemented by July 2016.     

燃煤发电职业危害暴露健康负担评价方法*

为评估煤电行业从业人员因遭受职业危害暴露引起的健康负担大小,根据工作暴露矩阵法对燃煤发电职业暴露程度进行估算,利用健康效应分析和伤残调整寿命年指标构建燃煤发电职业暴露健康负担评价体系,实现职业暴露健康负担的量化评价。将所构建的评价体系应用于3个燃煤电厂进行对比分析,结果表明:各类危害因素中,粉尘所致健康危害最大,人均健康负担约为8.861 a;各生产环节中,运输煤系统所致健康影响最大,约占整个生产过程的45.53%。     

水环境中苯氯乙酮的环境安全阈值

研究了苯氯乙酮(CN)对大白鼠灌胃亚慢性毒性试验和对藻类急性毒性试验,分别获得了苯氯乙酮对大白鼠最小有伤害剂量为2.032mg·kg-1,最大无伤害作用剂量为0.812 mg·kg-1,对藻类半数生长抑制浓度(96 h EC50)为0.360 mg·L-1,并运用EPA水环境质量基准方法及欧盟风险评价技术指南的相关方法,推算出水环境中CN的环境安全阈值为0 36 μg·L-1.     

Assessment of locomotion behavioral defects induced by acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Locomotion behaviors are susceptible to disruption by a broad spectrum of chemicals and environmental stresses. However, no systematic testing of locomotion behavior defects induced by metal exposure has been conducted in the model organism of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, the acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure on the locomotion behaviors was analyzed in nematodes. Endpoints of head thrash, body bend, forward turn, backward turn, and Omega/U turn were chosen to evaluate the locomotio...     

现代环境与人体健康研究综述

环境与健康是人类永恒的主题。本文介绍了环境与健康的关系,总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响,探讨了人体总暴露研究、地理信息系统技术在本领域的应用,最后概括了我国在这一领域的研究现状。     

Occupational exposure to natural radioactivity in a zircon sand milling plant

Raw zirconium sand is one of the substances (naturally occurring radioactive material, NORM) which is widely used in the ceramic industry. This sand contains varying concentrations of natural radionuclides: mostly U-238 but also Th-232 and U-235, together with their daughters, and therefore may need to be regulated by Directive 96/29/EURATOM. This paper describes the method used to perform the radiological study on a zircon sand milling plant and presents the results obtained. Internal and external doses were evaluated using radioactivity readings from sand, airborne dust, intermediate materials and end products. The results on total effective dose show the need for this type of industry to be carefully controlled, since values near to 1 mSv were obtained.     

新旧版GB6566《建筑材料放射性核素限量》比较研究

为了方便检测机构、消费者和企业理解掌握新版GB6566-2010标准内容,笔者对与旧标准相比的主要变化、标准具体内容进行了归纳整理,并对实际应用中应注意的问题加以解析。     

基于高空间分辨网格的郑州市城镇居民PM2.5暴露浓度与健康风险变化评估

近年来,我国以PM_2.5为特征污染物的复合型大气污染问题依然严峻,居民长期暴露在PM_2.5环境中会造成健康损伤,可以增加特定疾病过早死亡.郑州市PM_2.5浓度年均值远高于国家Ⅱ级标准,对居民健康造成了极为不利的影响.基于网络数据爬取建立的高空间分辨率人口密度网格,依据室外浓度监测数据和城镇居民源排放量,评估了包括室内和室外暴露的郑州市城镇居民的PM_2.5暴露水平,并采用综合暴露-反应模型量化了相应的健康风险,最后评估了不同削减措施与空气质量标准对降低城镇居民PM_2.5暴露浓度的贡献.结果表明,2017年和2019年郑州市城镇居民的时间加权PM_2.5暴露浓度年均值分别为74.06μg·m^-3和60.64μg·m^-3,下降了18.12%.其中室内暴露浓度占时间加权暴露浓度的质量分数分别为83.58%和83.01%,对时间加权暴露浓度下降的贡献率为84.06%. 2017年和2019年郑州市与PM_2.5