等维新息GM(1,1)模型在TNT生化降解研究中的应用

文中指出了常规GM(1,1)模型的缺点之所在,并对其建模方法作了改进,同时将改进得到的等维新息GM(1,1)模型与常规GM(1,1)模型对白腐菌生化降解TNT废水的过程进行了比较分析,得出改进的等维新息GM(1,1)模型具有更高的预测精度,从而拓宽了GM(1,1)模型在环境科学领域中的应用范围,为环境系统的拟合、预测分析和决策开辟了新的途径。      

曝气铁炭微电解法预处理TNT废水的实验研究

采用曝气铁炭微电解法预处理TNT废水,通过实验确定了进水时的铁炭比、水力停留时间、pH值以及反应温度4个影响因素,在最佳条件下,即进水pH=2-3、Fe∶C=1∶1、废水在铁炭微电解柱的停留时间为90 min、出水调节pH为8-9时进行实验,废水中COD、NH3-N、TOC去除率分别达到86%和70%以上,同时可生化性得到提高。     

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene mineralization and bacterial production rates of natural microbial assemblages from coastal sediments

The nitrogenous energetic constituent, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), is widely reported to be resistant to bacterial mineralization (conversion to CO₂); however, these studies primarily involve bacterial isolates from freshwater where bacterial production is typically limited by phosphorus. This study involved six surveys of coastal waters adjacent to three biome types: temperate broadleaf, northern coniferous, and tropical. Capacity to catabolize and mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO₂ was a common feature of natural sediment assemblages from these coastal environments (ranging to 270+/−38 μg C kg⁻¹ d⁻¹). More importantly, these mineralization rates comprised a significant proportion of total heterotrophic production. The finding that most natural assemblages surveyed from these ecosystems can mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO₂ is consistent with recent reports that assemblage components can incorporate TNT ring carbon into bacterial biomass. These data counter the widely held contention that TNT is recalcitrant to bacterial catabolism of the ring carbon in natural environments.     

电液压脉冲放电与铁屑内电解法联用处理TNT废水试验研究

TNT结构稳定,废水又具有生物毒性,难以生物降解,采用电液压脉冲放电与铁屑内电解法联用能有效处理TNT废水。研究了铁屑投加量、pH值和铁屑重复使用对TNT降解的影响。试验条件为：放电电压36 kV,废水体积7 L,TNT初始浓度90 mg/L,电极间距8 mm。结果表明,在投加铁屑700 g和pH值为6.5时,TNT降解率分别达到97.7%,铁屑重复使用6次不影响TNT降解效果;放电后静置一段时间,TNT仍然继续降解;在125 L的反应器中处理115 L废水,TNT初始浓度50 mg/L,TNT最大降解率达94.2％,TNT浓度降至2.9 mg/L。     

Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/TiO_2核壳结构纳米颗粒降解TNT溶液

针对TNT炸药废水具有成分复杂、排放量大、有毒等特点,立足于炸药废水在排放前的降解处理,研究开发一种基于核壳结构Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2纳米颗粒的高效、可控回收、无二次污染且成本低的光催化降解方法。利用高温碳还原法和溶胶凝胶法制备了具有核壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2纳米颗粒。XRD分析表明,内核Fe3O4呈现磁铁矿特征,表面覆盖的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿型。磁滞回线测试结果显示,复合颗粒的饱和磁化强度为46.5 emu/g,N2吸附-解吸分析结果表明,该颗粒具有典型的介孔结构。使用Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2纳米颗粒在紫外光下对含TNT废水进行降解,降解率达到81.9%,且颗粒的回收率达到88.4%,为实现高效、可控回收、无二次污染光催化-吸附降解TNT奠定了基础。     

Degradation mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in supercritical water oxidation

The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)is a potential carcinogens and TNT contaminated wastewater,which could not be effectively disposed with conventional treatments.The supercritical water oxidation(SCWO)to treat TNT contaminated wastewater was studied in this article.The TNT concentration in wastewater was measured by high-performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC)and the degraded intermediates were analyzed using GC-MS.The results showed that SCWO could degrade TNT efficiently in the presence of oxygen.The reaction temperature,pressure,residence time and oxygen excess were the main contributing factors in the process.The decomposition of TNT was accelerated as the temperature or residence time increased.At 550℃,24 MPa,120 s and oxygen excess 300%,TNT removal rate could exceed 99.9%.Partial oxidation occured in SCWO without oxygen.It was concluded that supercritical water was a good solvent and had excellent oxidation capability in the existence of oxygen.The main intermediates of TNT during SCWO included toluene,1,3,5-trinitrobenzene,nitrophenol,naphthalene,fluorenone,dibutyl phthalate,alkanes and several dimers based on the intermediate analysis.Some side reactions,such as coupled reaction,hydrolysis reaction and isomerization reaction may take place simultaneously when TNT was oxidized by SCWO.     

腐殖质修复TNT污染土壤的机理探索

在总结大量文献的基础上,主要就腐殖质修复TNT污染土壤的机理进行了探讨。腐殖质具有较大比表面积,含有大量的羧基、酚羟基、羰基、醇羟基等官能团,能通过共价吸附、微孔吸附、疏水性吸附、静电吸附等与土壤中TNT及其转化产物相互作用,进而影响土壤中TNT及其转化产物的迁移和生态毒性。     

火炸药废水处理技术综述

火炸药废水问题已经成为世界性的环境污染问题.火炸药废水的处理技术主要包括物理技术、化学技术、生物技术以及各类技术的综合应用.根据国内外文献报道对各类技术进行了分类整理,分析了各类技术的优缺点及应用现状,推论出多种技术联合应用将是火炸药废水处理技术的发展趋势,并提出具体方案,为火炸药废水处理工艺的选择提供一定参考依据.     

渣油加氢脱硫装置蒸气云爆炸后果研究

简要分析了渣油加氢脱硫装置火灾爆炸危险性,模拟了VRDS装置氢气泄漏后引发蒸气云爆炸的事故后果。通过分析计算蒸气云爆炸后对人员以及装置设备造成的伤害／破坏范围,指导设计人员以及操作人员制定必要的安全防范措施,将蒸气云爆炸的后果最小化。     

Numerical study of dynamic response and failure analysis of spherical storage tanks under external blast loading

The performance of energy infrastructures under extreme loading conditions, especially for blast and impact conditions, is of great importance despite the low probability for such events to occur. Due to catastrophic consequences of structural failure, it is crucial to improve the resistance of energy infrastructures against the impact of blasts. A TNT equivalent method is used to simulate a petroleum gas vapor cloud explosion when analyzing the dynamic responses of a spherical tank under external blast loads. The pressure distribution on the surface of a 1000 m³ spherical storage tank is investigated. The dynamic responses of the tank, such as the distribution of effective stress, structural displacement, failure mode and energy distribution under the blast loads are studied and the simulation results reveal that the reflected pressure on the spherical tank decreases gradually from the equator to the poles of the sphere. However, the effects of the shock wave reflection are not so evident on the pillars. The structural damage of the tank subjected to blast loads included partial pillar failure from bending deformation and significant stress concentration, which can be observed in the joint between the pillar and the bottom of the spherical shell. The main reason for the remarkable deformation and structural damage is because of the initial internal energy that the tank obtained from the blast shock wave. The liquid in the tank absorbs the energy of impact loads and reduces the response at the initial stage of damage after the impact of the blast.