石化行业控制室承爆风险评估方法研究

针对传统的气体爆炸风险评估方法的不足之处,提出采用一种基于CFD技术的气体爆炸风险评估方法,对某煤气化厂区氢气爆炸对控制室造成的风险进行模拟计算与预测分析。并把研究结果与传统的TNT当量法、Multi-Energy方法预测结果进行比较。结果表明,该方法能考虑到密集管道与复杂装置布局、气云大小等因素对爆炸超压的影响,且能用于超压波的近场预测,以及确定空间不同位置处的爆炸超压,更适用于石化行业控制室的承爆风险评估。     

Uptake and Metabolism of TNT and GTN by Plants Expressing Bacterial Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase

The manufacture and improper disposal of explosives has resulted in a significant amount of land requiring remediation. The compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most persistent and toxic of the explosive pollutants with current treatment methods being energy intensive and costly. Bacterial enzymes such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR) from Enterobacter cloacae PB2 have been found to have activity against TNT; however, microbes often lack the biomassnecessary for remediation applications. The PETNRgene (onr1) was transformed into tobacco plants in an attempt to combine the metabolic diversity of microbes with the sequestering properties of plants. The resulting transgenic plants were shown to have enhanced tolerance to TNT during germination and as seedlings. Phytoremediation applications with these plants may provide an alternative treatment of TNT contamination.     

泄漏油气燃爆灾害下FPSO结构响应分析

为评估FPSO泄漏油气燃爆事故中结构损伤风险,采用等效TNT法结合AUTODYN软件分析结构在爆炸冲击波下动态响应,分析其塑性、变形及应力分布,评估不同工况下结构损伤程度。结果表明,TNT起爆后冲击波高速传播,10ms时已覆盖工艺I区,经反射叠加耦合后破坏力增强;原油热处理器和电脱盐器发生失效和变形,生产甲板边缘位置受约束较小,发生较大变形,部分区域屈曲破坏;参与反应的油气越多,相同结构等效应力及变形越大,大应力、大变形区域分布越广;d=60mm时部分结构完全失效。     

井下液态CO2爆破增透工业试验研究

为了增加煤层透气性、提高瓦斯抽采效率,选取七台河矿区进行液态CO2爆破煤层增透工业试验。研究液态CO2爆破过程中主管内高压气体P-T曲线,考察不同地应力下的液态CO2爆破有效影响半径和煤层透气性系数,监测爆破前后瓦斯抽采参数。试验结果表明:采用压缩气体与水蒸气容器爆破方法计算液态CO2爆破的当量为180 gTNT;爆破后瓦斯抽采浓度提高3.16倍,瓦斯抽采混合流量提高1.71倍;煤层液态CO2爆破有效影响半径随地应力的增加近线性减小,随爆破压力的增加非线性增加,确定液态CO2爆破时最佳爆破压力范围160~280 MPa;爆破前后对比,煤层透气性系数提升17.49~22.76倍。井下煤层液态CO2爆破技术的实施,有助于降低爆破成本、提高增透效果和瓦斯抽采利用率。     

某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部装药安定性试验研究

为分析某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部梯黑铝混合装药的安定性,将样品加速老化处理,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了试样老化处理前后的热分解过程.分别得到老化前后在5,10,20 ℃/min升温速率下的DSC曲线和相关特征数据.采用非模函数Ozawa法,结合线性回归分析,计算了炸药热分解的动力学参数,求得试样老化处理前后在不同升温速率下平...     

Organic pollutants removal from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） red water using low cost activated coke

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water from Chinese explosive industry was adsorbed by activated coke (AC) from lignite. Since the composition of TNT red water was very complicated, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was used as the index for evaluating the treatment efficiency. This study focused on the sorption kinetics and equilibrium sorption isotherms of AC for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from TNT red water, and the changes of water quality before and after adsorption were evaluated by using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), UV-vis spectra and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The results showed that the sorption kinetics of adsorbing COD from TNT red water onto AC was fitted well with the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption process was an exothermic and physical process. The sorption isotherm was in good agreement with Redlich–Peterson isotherm. At the conditions of initial pH, 20℃ and 3 hr of agitation, when the AC dosage was 160 g L-1, 64.8% of COD could be removed. The removal efficiencies of 2,4-dinitrotoluene-3-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-3-SO3-) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene-5-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-5-SO3-) were 80.5% and 84.3%, respectively. After adsorption, the acute toxicity of TNT red water reduced 81.8%, compared with that of unprocessed TNT red water.