红枫湖入库河流沉积物中重金属污染状况分析

采用综合污染指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法,对红枫湖几条主要入湖河流入湖处以及原后五养殖区沉积物中8种重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu、Co、Ni、Cr、V、Zn)含量进行了分析。研究结果表明桃花源河污染最严重,达到了中等污染水平(P=2.70,RI=171.02);后六河尽管Zn污染较严重,但其生态危害性低;其余河流的污染程度都较低。几条入湖河流的潜在生态危害性由高到低的顺序为:桃花源河>后六河>羊昌河>麻线河。所研究的8种重金属中只有Cd(Eir均≥40)具有较高的潜在生态风险,桃花源河的Cd的Eir最高(Eir=82)。其余重金属由于毒性系数小,尽管部分重金属含量达到了背景值的许多倍,但都无显著的潜在生态风险。但是后六河的Zn含量高过了生态效应必然浓度值(PEL),需引起重视。通过对桃花源河沉积物重金属含量垂向变化的研究发现,在早期成岩过程中沉积物中Cd、Pb、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、V的沉降主要受有机质的控制;Cr不仅受有机质的影响,还受氧化还原条件的影响;而Zn则明显受粒度的控制。     

辽河水质中CODMn与TOC的相关关系探讨

高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）常被作为水体受有机物质污染程度的综合指标。总有机碳（TOC）是以碳的含量表示水体中有机物质总量的综合指标,也常被用来评价水体中有机物污染的程度。同样都是作为水体中有机物污染指标,TOC与CODMn具有一定的相关关系。但不同的水体有不同的相关关系,同一水体在不同时期,相关关系也不相同。     

利用TOC-5000A总有机碳分析仪（附固体样品燃烧装置SSM-5000A）测定环境水样中包含全部颗粒态有机碳的研究

利用TOC总有机碳分析仪（TOC—VCPH）能够测定水样中上清液中有机物的总有机碳的含量和SSM（SSM-5000A）固体样品燃烧装置能够测定水样中固体有机物总有机碳的含量的特点,用试验的方法探索了测定环境水样中包含全部颗粒态有机碳的测定方法。此方法能够全面反映环境水样中总有机碳的含量。     

Multiscale Drivers of Water Chemistry of Boreal Lakes and Streams

The variability in surface water chemistry within and between aquatic ecosystems is regulated by many factors operating at several spatial and temporal scales. The importance of geographic, regional-, and local-scale factors as drivers of the natural variability of three water chemistry variables representing buffering capacity and the importance of weathering (acid neutralizing capacity, ANC), nutrient concentration (total phosphorus, TP), and importance of allochthonous inputs (total organic carbon, TOC) were studied in boreal streams and lakes using a method of variance decomposition. Partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) of ANC, TP, and TOC and 38 environmental variables in 361 lakes and 390 streams showed the importance of the interaction between geographic position and regional-scale variables. Geographic position and regional-scale factors combined explained 15.3% (streams) and 10.6% (lakes) of the variation in ANC, TP, and TOC. The unique variance explained by geographic, regional, and local-scale variables alone was <10%. The largest amount of variance was explained by the pure effect of regional-scale variables (9.9% for streams and 7.8% for lakes), followed by local-scale variables (2.9% and 5.8%) and geographic position (1.8% and 3.7%). The combined effect of geographic position, regional-, and local-scale variables accounted for between 30.3% (lakes) and 39.9% (streams) of the variance in surface water chemistry. These findings lend support to the conjecture that lakes and streams are intimately linked to their catchments and have important implications regarding conservation and restoration (management) endeavors.     

废水中有机碳的生物化学行为及TOC与BOD的互换

完成了若干废水的好氧和厌氧生化培养实验,结果证实了以下假定和推论:在好氧条件下,TOC和BOD均近似服从一阶动力学原理,并以遵守KTOC=KBOD的等效降解特征而相互等价。由等效耗氧原理推论了TOC与BOD的下述互换关系:BOD₅=α′·(TOC₀—TOC₅),实验测得不同废水的表现耗氧系数α′,值为1.45±0.15。在厌氧条件下,上述等价性和互换性均不成立。      

引滦水中天然有机化合物的形态及紫外吸收特征

用改进的Leenheer法将引滦水中的天然有机化合物分离为悬浮态和溶解态两大类,后者又分离成憎水有机物、腐殖酸类、强阴离子化合物和其它亲水化合物4种。溶解态有机物含量在4—5mgC/L之间,其中半数左右为腐殖酸类,其紫外吸收强度远在其它形态之上。非极性憎水有机物在5％以下。     

响应面法优化超临界水氧化降解喹啉废水

采用基于中心复合设计(CCD)的响应面分析方法,以H2O2为氧化剂,对超临界水氧化降解喹啉废水的影响因素进行了探讨和分析,考察了温度、压力、停留时间、氧化剂过量倍数对废水降解的影响。在温度380～460℃,压力24～28 MPa,停留时间20～60 s,氧化剂过量倍数0%～400%的条件下分析了TOC去除率的变化。由Design-Expert7.0软件设计分析了实验数据,得到一个二次响应曲面模型,通过实验对模型进行了验证,结果表明,响应面模型的预测值与实验值吻合较好。在最佳操作点温度441℃,压力25 MPa,停留时间60 s,氧化剂过量2.48倍的条件下,TOC去除率达到最高值(95.19%)。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of Yueqing Bay, Xiangshan Bay, and Sanmen Bay in East China Sea

The spatial distribution and source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 30 surface sediments of Yueqing Bay, Xiangshan Bay, and Sanmen Bay in Eastern China were analysed. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 9.33 to 19.60 ng g⁻¹ dry weight for all the sampling stations. The observed PCB levels were lower than those in areas of high urbanisation or contamination in the bay. Low-chlorinated PCBs, dominated by tri-PCB, were identified as the prevalent contaminate of surface sediments, and the top three PCB congeners were lighter chlorinated congeners (PCB 8, PCB 18 and PCB 28). These results were in agreement with the fact that tri-PCB compounds are the dominant contaminants in China. The result of the principal component analysis revealed that all samples were similar in composition to Aroclor 1242, suggesting they might originate from electrical capacitors and transformers. The levels of PCBs were significantly correlated with the total organic carbon in the sediments.     

有机碳含量对多环芳烃在土壤剖面残留及迁移的影响

为了揭示有机碳含量(TOC)对多环芳烃(PAHs)在土壤剖面中迁移的影响,本文分析了北京地区部分典型的环境功能区(包括自然保护区、耕地、果园、农田、城区及工业区等)土壤剖面中多环芳烃和TOC的纵向分布特征,结合多环芳烃化合物的土柱淋滤实验,讨论了多环芳烃在土壤剖面上的纵向迁移特征.结果表明,不同环境功能区土壤剖面的土壤中多环芳烃的含量存在差异,且与TOC之间存在较强的正相关关系;土柱淋滤实验结果进一步证实,尽管具有不同TOC的土壤剖面中多环芳烃均可能向深层迁移,但TOC对土壤剖面中多环芳烃的残留及纵向迁移能力具有重要的影响,TOC越高,多环芳烃富集量越大,向下迁移量相对减少,反之相反;在TOC相同的情况下,多环芳烃的组成或结构特征对其在土壤剖面中的残留与迁移特征有明显的影响,淋滤水量、淋滤时间和添加PAHs量等对其在土壤剖面中的迁移作用也有一定影响.     

垃圾渗滤液中TOC和CODCr的相关性

总有机碳(TOC)相对于化学需氧量(CODCr)而言,更能全面的反映水体中的有机物的污染程度.TOC测定仪操作简单,数据准确.在此通过对杭州市区垃圾渗滤液污水处理厂进水中TOC和CODCr监测数据的相关性研究,建立了二者之间的线性回归方程.这使TOC在污水监测中成为一个可操作的控制指标,对污水处理工程的运行管理具有很好的指导意义.