催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸

选用3种固体催化剂催化臭氧化降解磺基水杨酸.结果表明,MnO₂和V₂O₅催化活性并不明显,而自制的钒氧化物(VO)催化剂具有较好的催化臭氧化性能.在本实验条件下与单独臭氧化相比,30min后VO/O₃体系的COD和TOC去除率由原来的58%和25%提高到86%和61%.VO催化剂的作用机理是催化臭氧分解产生了高活性氧化剂(如羟基自由基等).     

凹土/聚氨酯复合载体处理微污染河水的实验研究

利用改性凹土与聚氨酯原料混合发泡,制备复合载体,对微污染河水的NH4＋-N和TOC的去除效果进行实验研究,结果表明对NH4＋-N、TOC的去除存在着明显的时段性,随着时间的延长,出水NH4＋-N、TOC的去除效率逐渐降低,最终趋于稳定。改性后凹土制备的复合载体对NH4＋-N、TOC处理能力得到提高,NH4＋-N去除率从37.50%提升到75.10%;TOC去除率从15.34%提高到36.15%。     

用总有机碳浓度表达活性污泥反应动力学的研究

本研究对废水活性污泥法处理中常用指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＭＬＶＳＳ与总有机磷指标的相关性进行了探讨。     

响应面法优化硫酸根自由基高级氧化深度处理渗滤液生化尾水

针对垃圾渗滤液生化尾水中仍含有较高浓度的难生物降解COD、NH4+-N和NO2--N,无法满足现行排放标准的问题,采用基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术(SR-AOP)对生化尾水进行深度处理.考察了pH值、温度、FeSO4和过硫酸钠浓度对TOC和TN去除效果的单独作用及交互作用.结果表明,影响因子对于处理效果的贡献排序为:pH值>温度>过硫酸钠浓度,各因素对TOC的去除有显著性影响,而对TN的去除没有显著性影响.各因素的复合效应为:TN去除效果影响:温度+过硫酸钠浓度>pH+过硫酸钠浓度>温度+pH, TOC去除效果影响:温度+pH>pH+过硫酸钠浓度>温度+过硫酸钠浓度.实验最终确定SR-AOP的最佳条件为:pH=5,温度为30℃,过硫酸钠浓度为0.5g/L,催化剂FeSO4剂量为3.8g/L,该条件下TOC去除率为35.5%,TN去除率为16.9%,同时可以显著提高出水BOD5/COD.因此,通过SR-AOP深度处理可以去除生化处理尾水大部分COD和TN,并大幅提高B/C比,为后续与适当的生化处理工艺组合进行达标处理奠定了良好的基础.     

Concentration levels of disinfection by-products in 14 swimming pools of China

Swimming has become a popular exercising and recreational activity in China but little is known about the disinfection by-products (DBPs) concentration levels in the pools. This study was conducted as a survey of the DBPs in China swimming pools, and to establish the correlations between the DBP concentrations and the pool water quality parameters. A total of 14 public indoor and outdoor pools in Beijing were included in the survey. Results showed that the median concentrations for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), nine haloacetic acids (HAA9), chloral hydrate (CH), four haloacetonitriles (HAN4), 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane were 33.8, 109.1, 30.1, 3.2, 0.3, 0.6 µg∙L⁻¹ and below detection limit, respectively. The TTHM and HAA9 levels were in the same magnitude of that in many regions of the world. The levels of CH and nitrogenous DBPs were greatly higher than and were comparable to that in typical drinking water, respectively. Disinfection by chlorine dioxide or trichloroisocyanuric acid could substantially lower the DBP levels. The outdoor pools had higher TTHM and HAA9 levels, but lower trihaloacetic acids (THAA) levels than the indoor pools. The TTHM and HAA9 concentrations could be moderately correlated with the free chlorine and total chlorine residuals but not with the total organic carbon (TOC) contents. When the DBP concentration levels from other survey studies were also included for statistical analysis, a good correlation could be established between the TTHM levels and the TOC concentration. The influence of chlorine residual on DBP levels could also be significant.     

Assesment of disinfection by‐products removal by ozonation coupled with adsorption

This research work was performed to evaluate ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption processes from the view‐point of controlling the formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). Both the humic acid and raw water were first preozonated and then adsorbed on the activated carbon to assess the potency for removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and DBPs. The disinfection by‐product including THMs and HAAs, in principle, can be successfully removed through a use of the ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption processes. However, in practice dealing with the raw water, it is necessary to introduce the pilot‐plant to obtain the design and operation guidelines for the water treatment plant through the ICA (Instrumentation Control and Automation) program in our future research work.     

活性炭催化双氧水氧化处理分散橙结晶废母液

采用Fe2+/H2O2、活性炭(AC)/H2O2和AC/H2O2/Fe2+三种氧化体系对高浓度、高酸度和高盐分的分散橙结晶废母液进行处理,探讨了H2O2投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)比值和初始pH对TOC去除率影响,比较三种氧化体系对TOC和色度的去除效果。结果表明:AC/H2O2/Fe2+氧化体系对TOC去除率最高,AC/H2O2氧化体系对色度去除率最高。即使在强酸环境中下,AC对H2O2仍然具有较高的催化活性,并可多次重复利用。AC/H2O2氧化体系为分散橙结晶废母液处理及资源化利用提供了新途径。     

厦门湾海域沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物与重金属生态风险评价

本研究测定了厦门湾海域沉积物中的AVS (acid volatile sulphide)、TOC(total organic carbon)和重金属SEM (simultaneously extracted metals),并利用Spearman秩相关系数分析了SEM和TOC、AVS的关系,结果表明TOC不是该区沉积物中AVS含量的主要控制因素,该区域∑SEM的分布模式主要由SEMZn、SEMCu的分布模式决定.利用AVS归一化的方法评价沉积物中有毒金属化学活性,结果表明大多数站点∑SEM/AVS＞1,沉积物∑SEM-AVS的差值均0＜(∑SEM-AVS)＜5,说明该区存在潜在的重金属生态风险.     

阳澄湖水体PI、BOD5与TOC的相关性

采集阳澄湖中湖网围养殖区的下层水样,测定高锰酸指数(PI)、生化需氧量(BOD5)及总有机碳含量(TOC)等水质检测指标,对TOC分别与PI、BOD5的相关性进行分析;并用BOD5/TOC比值作为废水可生化性判定指标,对阳澄湖中湖的水质污染有机物状况进行综合评价.结果显示,阳澄湖水体的TOC与PI、BOD5存在显著的相...