福建省九龙江江东库区沉积物微藻分布研究

沉积物既是营养盐的储存库,也是藻类的休眠场所.本研究以九龙江北溪江东水库为研究对象,于2011年4月、6月、9月、12月采集表层沉积物,对其营养盐含量、表层沉积物微藻分布及丰度进行分析.结果表明,沉积物大部分为粉砂质粘壤土,该区域沉积物总碳含量为9140.2~17760.4 mg·kg~(-1),总氮含量为950.0~1600.4 mg·kg~(-1),总磷含量为483.7~856.2 mg·kg~(-1).库区表层沉积物微藻细胞丰度范围在7.41×105~2.17×106cells·g~(-1)底泥(以干重计),主要为硅藻门和绿藻门,分别占微藻比例的45.52%~86.42%和5.96%~35.55%.沉积物微藻总丰度与上覆水体浮游植物总丰度及隐藻、裸藻丰度呈显著负相关,反映了沉积物微藻对上覆水体浮游植物的影响.沉积物中蓝藻、隐藻、甲藻孢囊丰度分别与水温呈显著负相关,分别与溶解氧呈显著正相关,因而冬季沉积物中有相对高的微藻丰度.沉积物微藻丰度与含水率、粉粒分别呈显著性正相关,反映了沉积物微藻沿着水流方向的积累.     

珊溪水库库区及入库支流水体紫外光谱特征分析研究

珊溪水库是温州地区的重要饮用水源地之一。在“五水共治”时代背景下,“保供水”特别是确保我市饮用水源安全是“五水共治”的组成部分之一。本文采用紫外光谱特征分析法评估珊溪水库主库区及主要入库支流考核断面水环境质量状况。分析结果表明：从黄坦坑、李井坑等监测站位的紫外特征吸收峰SUVA254分析二者污染较重,有机质芳化度、分子量和腐殖化水平相对较大。库区胡敏酸含量比富里酸含量大,支流天然水溶解性有机质( DOM)有机物分子缩合度高,腐殖化程度从支流到水库逐渐增大。     

An Integrated Approach to Reservoir Management: The Williston Reservoir Case Study

/ The management of industrial reservoirs for hydroelectric energy can cause severe impacts to surrounding communities. This study examines the generation of dust along the northern foreshore zones of Williston Reservoir in northern British Columbia. The dust is generated in the spring when the reservoir levels are low and impacts a relocated First Nations' village (Tsay Keh) at the north end of the reservoir. Data were gathered to provide an overview of the physical conditions that contribute to the dust problem, including a social survey, soil analysis, and vegetation inventory. The study provides a scoping method to assess a large-scale and complex problem with respect to dust management along a large reservoir. Methods for dust control include short- and long-term solutions that integrate the use of native vegetation along the foreshore zones of the reservoir.     

Eutrophication and algal blooms in channel type reservoirs: A novel enclosure experiment by changing light intensity

To explore eutrophication and algal bloom mechanisms in channel type reservoirs, a novel enclosure experiment was conducted by changing light intensity (LI) in the Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Square enclosures (side 5.0 m) were covered on the surface with shading materials of different thickness, and with their bases open to the river. Changes and characteristics of the main eutrophication factors under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions but different LI were evaluated. All experimental water samples were neutral and alkalescent, with high nitrogen and phosphate concentrations, low potassium permanganate index, stable water quality, and different LI. At the same water depth, LI decreased with increasing shade material, while dissolved oxygen and water temperature were both stable. The growth peak of phytoplankton was with light of 345-4390 lux underwater or 558-7450 lux above the water surface, and water temperature of 25.6-26.5℃. Algae were observed in all water samples, accounting for 6 phylum and 57 species, with algal density changing frequently. The results showed that significantly strong or weak light was unfavorable for phytoplankton growth and the function together with suitable temperature and LI and ample sunshine encouraged algal blooms under the same water quality and hydrodynamic conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that algae reduced gradually lengthwise along water depth in the same enclosure while pH became high. The power exponent relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and LI was found by curve fitting, that is Chl-a = K(LI)ⁿ.     

Methane Emissions from Large Dams as Renewable Energy Resources: A Developing Nation Perspective

By means of a theoretical model, bootstrap resampling and data provided by the International Commission On Large Dams (ICOLD (2003) World register of dams. http://www.icold-cigb.org) we found that global large dams might annually release about 104 ± 7.2 Tg CH₄ to the atmosphere through reservoir surfaces, turbines and spillways. Engineering technologies can be implemented to avoid these emissions, and to recover the non-emitted CH₄ for power generation. The immediate benefit of recovering non-emitted CH₄ from large dams for renewable energy production is the mitigation of anthropogenic impacts like the construction of new large dams, the actual CH₄ emissions from large dams, and the use of unsustainable fossil fuels and natural gas reserves. Under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, such technologies can be recognized as promising alternatives for human adaptations to climate change concerning sustainable power generation, particularly in developing nations owning a considerable number of large dams. In view of novel technologies to extract CH₄ from large dams, we estimate that roughly 23 ± 2.6, 2.6 ± 0.2 and 32 ± 5.1 Tg CH₄ could be used as an environmentally sound option for power generation in Brazil, China and India, respectively. For the whole world this number may increase to around 100 ± 6.9 Tg CH₄.     

等高绿篱技术保水抗旱效益研究

季节性干旱与水土流失并存是目前三峡库区面临的重要生态问题之一,严重影响了库区社会经济的可持续发展。等高绿篱技术是目前国内外广泛采用的一种十分有效的坡耕地植被恢复和水土保育技术,被认为是三峡库区农业生态系统持续发展的有效途径之一。选择新银合欢、黄荆和马桑3种绿篱,探讨其水土保育功效及抗旱效益。结果显示,等高绿篱具有显著的拦沙淤土效益,10年左右的时间,土坎高度增至近80 cm,减缓坡度20°左右。与对照相比,栽种绿篱后,土壤有机质增加52%~65%,土壤容重减小14%~17%,尤其是非毛管孔隙增幅达135%~216%,等高绿篱模式下土壤保肥增肥效益显著,土壤结构改善明显。在旱季绿篱处理下地表土壤含水量高于对照达123%,蓄水保墒能力大大增强。按等高绿篱模式增加有效土层60 cm计算,新银合欢、黄荆和马桑3个处理增加土壤水总库容分别为271、257和247 mm,有力增强了土壤的抗旱性能。在绿篱-桔园系统下柑桔座果率比对照增加12%,其平均单产比对照高15%。     

三峡库区巫山段175m试验性蓄水前后水质时空分布变化

分析了三峡库区长江巫山段2006～2009年枯、平、丰水期和2008年175m试验性蓄水加密监测水质监测数据,结果表明：长江干流水质保持相对稳定,而支流由于回水顶托,各项水文要素均发生了变化,这些水文要素的变化相应地会带来水环境要素的改变。     

磨盘山水库周边化肥农药污染状况调查

通过对磨盘山水库周边化肥、农药污染状况的调查和监测得出,每年施用化肥将加快水库的富营养化进程,必须预防其潜在危害。     

辽宁大伙房水库水质富营养化评价

本文在多年实际监测的基础上,采用综合营养状态指数法对辽宁大伙房水库的水质富营养化程度进行了评价,并提出了治理方案。     

丹江口库区浮游真菌组成与功能及其影响因素

浮游真菌是水生态系统的重要组成部分,研究其群落组成和功能对于管理和维护丹江口水库生态环境具有重要意义.本实验采用Illumina公司MiSeq测序平台对2019年10月丹江口水库表层浮游真菌群落组成进行分析,并结合FUNGuild功能预测分析其生态功能.MiSeq测序结果表明丹江口水库浮游真菌由6门和213属组成,其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为优势种群.丹江口水库水质监测结果表明,其水质整体处于良好状态,符合Ⅰ或Ⅱ饮用水源标准.RDA分析表明氮磷营养盐（TN、TP）、水温（T）、氧化还原电位（ORP）和卡尔森营养状态指数（TLI）是影响浮游真菌分布的重要因素.Spearman秩相关分析表明,理化因子主要与链格孢属（Alternaria）、芽枝霉属（Cladosporium）、青霉属（Penicillium）、路德酵母属（Lodderomyces）和Acremonium等优势属呈显著相关.FUNGuild功能预测分析表明丹江口浮游真菌的营养型和功能群主要为病理营养型（pathotroph）、腐生营养型（saprotroph）和病理-腐生营养型（pathotroph-saprotroph）,其中黑鸡嘴样品植物病原菌（plant pathogen）和动物病原菌（animal pathogen）比例显著高于其他样品.本研究初步分析了丹江口库区浮游真菌群落组成和生态功能,表明其具有一定程度的潜在生态风险,后续丹江口水库生物监测中浮游真菌监测需要加以重视.