丹江口水库淅川库区大气磷沉降特征

大气磷沉降是向地表水体输送营养元素的重要途径.以丹江口水库淅川库区为研究区,在库区周围设置了6个采样点,于2020年1—12月期间采集并分析了大气总磷干、湿沉降样品,探讨了总磷沉降的时空分布特征及其对库区水体外源磷输入的贡献.结果表明：研究区大气 总磷沉降量为1.19 kg·hm^-2·a^-1,其中,干沉降占比为49.73%,湿沉降占比为50.27%;总磷干、湿沉降量在空间上均具有显著差异性（p_s<0.05）, 湿沉降量在季节上具有极显著差异性（p<0.01）;总磷干沉降量受到气温、气压和风速的显著影响,湿沉降量受到降雨量的显著影响;总磷年沉降量为65.17 t·a^-1,占河流总磷入库量的42.18%.     

Role of the rhizosphere of a flooding-tolerant herb in promoting mercury methylation in water-level fluctuation zones

The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury (Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury (MeHg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb (bermudagrass) on MeHg production. The elevated Hg and MeHg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving MeHg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgcA-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical iron-reducing bacterium (Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgcA genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated MeHg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.     

密云水库及其流域营养物集成模拟的情景分析研究

在密云水库水环境模拟预测集成模型的支持下,考察了不同点源、非点源污染负荷控制措施对水库水质的影响和作用,制定了4个情景方案.基础情景分析表明,密云水库TN超标严重,TP相对较好,叶绿素浓度超过10μg/L的区域主要集中在潮河库区,而且面积较大.情景1、情景2和情景3是考虑了不同点源、非点源管理措施后的密云水库水质状况.结果表明,营养负荷的下降能显著地改善水体水质,尤其是磷负荷的降低可有效地制约藻类生长,叶绿素浓度显著降低,超过10μg/L的区域缩小甚至消失.这一结论说明了加强密云水库流域及周边地区工业、生活和畜禽养殖等点源和农业非点源污染控制对改善密云水库水质的有效性和必要性.     

安徽太平湖水库饵料生物资源及其变化研究

１９９２年１１月至１９９３年８月，对太平洋水库浮游生物和底栖动物的周年调查结果表明，该库的天然饵料资源比较丰富，与８年前的资料相比，各类饵料生物的生物量均有较大幅度的增加，饵料生物的年产鱼潜力合计约为１２５万ｋｇ，化学分析结果显示，太平湖水库目前水质状况尚好。     

DEVELOPING TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF DEBRIS FLOW ACTIVITIES IN THE THREE-GORGE RESERVOIR AREA

TheThree GorgeReservoirisatypicalrivervalley typereservoir,whoseplanefigureislikeafunnelandthetrunkstreamis 6 90km long.TheareaontheeastofFengjieistheworldfamousThree Gorgearea,whichismainlycomposedofmountainousregions.Thepopulationdensityisnotveryhighexceptinsomecities/towns,andthepeoplelivedispersivelyinthemountainareas.Thelandformsbelongtotheerosion,corrosionanddenudationtypesofthewestHubeiProvince.OnthewestofFengjieisahillylandlyingintheeastofSichuanBasin.Thetopographyand geologicenvi…     

黑龙滩水库风景区旅游容量的探讨

本文从黑龙滩风景区自然景点、游览线路、旅游开发方式、适度活动面积及空间容量计算，基础设施容量计算以及环境污染承受能力等几个方面综合计算了黑龙滩水库风景区的旅游容量。并对适度旅游容量下如何开发利用风景区旅游资源进行了探讨。     

SIMULATING SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE CARSON RIVER AND LAHONTAN RESERVOIR,NEVADA, USA1

ABSTRACT: The discovery of the Comstock Lode in western Nevada in 1859 initiated the use of liquid mercury (Hg) or “quicksilver” to remove gold (Au) and silver (Ag) from crushed ore. Today, Hg is present in historic mill tailings piles, in alluvial deposits adjacent to the Carson River, and in Lahontan Reservoir. Mercury concentrations in Carson River water have been reported as high as 61 μg/L by the U.S. Geological Survey. Fish from Lahontan Reservoir have methylmorcury (MeHg) concentrations as much as four times the 1.0 μg/g limit for human consumption. Since more than 95 percent of total Hg in water can be associated with particulates, the transport of sediment must be quantified to understand the fate of Hg in the system. By linking the RIVMOD hydrodynamic model with the WASP5 water quality model, and using suspended sediment rating curves along with bedload transport equations, reliable predictions of sediment transport can be made. Measured suspended sediment data from the Carson River, and an estimate of annual sediment loading to Lahontan Reservoir, were used to create a calibrated sediment transport model. Model simulations predicted the long term transport of sediment into Lahontan Reservoir, the transport of sediment into Lahontan Reservoir during a flood year (1986 water year), and concentrations of total Hg in the Carson River using an estimate of sediment Hg concentrations. This research will eventually be used with an Hg model to predict the fate of Hg in the river and reservoir system.     

青山水库的浮游植物与营养类型评价

共鉴定青山水库藻类58属101种，其中有多污水体指示种5种，α－中污水体指示种24种、β－中污水体指示种49种，寡污水体指示种21种。优势种为窄颗粒直链藻（Melosiragranulatavar.angustissima）、颗粒直链藻（M.granulata）和小颤藻（Oscillatoriatenuis）。浮游植物的细胞密度为8.53×107个／L，生物量为16.34mg／L，叶绿素a为16.86mg／m3。根据浮游植物群落结构和水化学分析结果，青山水库已属富营养型水体，并有继续发展的趋势，控制污染，保护水质已刻不容缓。     

三峡水库动态水位下有机锡的多介质归趋模拟

为探究三峡水库（TGR）动态水位下水环境中有机锡（OTs）的多介质迁移与归趋行为,构建了动态水位下OTs的IV级多介质逸度模型,对大气相、水相、沉积物相及鱼相中三丁基锡（TBT）和三苯基锡（TPT）浓度的动态分布进行了模拟,并依据实测值进行了验证,计算了TBT和TPT在各相间的迁移通量（N）和残留质量,探讨了其主要的迁移途径和归趋行为,并进行了参数敏感性和模型不确定性分析.结果表明,实测浓度与模拟浓度的吻合度较高,TGR水环境中OTs浓度受水位变化影响较大.TBT和TPT的N值随水位变化明显,呈现与水位涨落相反的变化趋势,与坝前水位、入库流量和降雨量的变化相关.平流输入输出、沉积物沉降、掩埋、再悬浮、水相降解和平流输入输出、鱼-水两相迁移是TBT和TPT的主要迁移过程,平流输出与降解是两者主要的损失途径.较大的沉积物输入净迁移通量（NN）表明沉积物相是TBT和TPT重要的储藏库,易在鱼相富集也是TPT的重要归宿.模拟期内TBT和TPT在沉积物相的残留质量最高,分别占总残留量的89%和84%,其在沉积物相、水相、鱼相及大气相的分配比例分别为89.17%、10.81%、0.04‰、0.19‰和83.81%、14.51%、1.68%、1.15×10^-5‰.平流输入浓度（COW）和速率（GOW）对4个环境相TBT和TPT的敏感性系数（SC）>0.6,产生显著正影响,TBT和TPT模拟浓度的变异系数（CV）≤0.15,模型模拟的效果较好.     

贵州高原水库浮游动物分布特征及影响因子——以阿哈水库为例

为研究贵州高原阿哈水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,基于综合营养状态指数、生物多样性指数、RDA（冗余分析）等方法,于2017年11月（枯水期）、2018年4月（平水期）、2018年7月（丰水期）对浮游动物及水环境理化指标进行了调查分析.结果表明：（1）共检出浮游动物38种,其中轮虫25种,枝角类9种,桡足类4种;优势种包括螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）、曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratella valga）和矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadrata）等13种;浮游动物枯水期、平水期和丰水期丰度分别为105.47,120.65,524.64ind./L,生物量分别为1.40,0.37,1.61mg/L,其最大值均出现在丰水期.（2）多样性指数时空分布差异显著,其中Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）、Margalef指数（D）均值分别为2.52和1.63.（3）冗余分析及主成分分析结果表明,水温、营养盐是影响浮游动物群落变化的主要环境因子.综合后生浮游动物优势种、生物多样性指数及TLI指数结果表明,阿哈水库水体已处于轻度富营养状态,水质处于中污染状态.