中水在顺酐装置中的回用技术

针对吐哈石油勘探开发指挥部石油天然气化工厂顺酐装置目前的排污现状,以传统的中水回用技术为指导,提出了前端减排与末端治理相结合的废水处理方案,可实现每小时节水33.6m3,大大减少了水资源的消耗量及废水排放量,年收益164万元,经济效益和环境效益显著。     

Design-based estimators and power analyses of trend tests for the proportion of fish that exhibit gross pathological disorders

Methods for estimating the proportion of fish that exhibit gross pathological disorders and for estimating the variance of these estimates are defined. The methods are for the situation in which a probability-based sampling design is used to collect fish for examination, but geographic locations (rather than individual fish) are assigned probabilities of being selected for sampling. To illustrate the use of the methods, they are applied to data collected during the 1992 EMAP- Estuaries sampling program in the Louisianian Province (i.e., the Gulf of Mexico). Separate estimates of the proportion of fish with gross pathological disorders are computed for demersal species, commercial species, pelagic species, and all species as one group. In addition, a test for trend in the proportion of fish that exhibit gross pathological disorders is defined, and analyses of the power of the test are presented. The power analyses are based on a general underlying model of the random distribution patterns of fish and the random process of catching fish. The power analyses also take into account the features of the sampling designs used for collecting fish. Component parameter estimates were computed using data from the 1992 EMAP-Estuaries sampling program in the Louisianian Province. Results from these analyses suggest that the EMAP-Estuaries sampling designs are capable of detecting a 0.15% change per year in the proportion of fish (all species groups combined) with gross pathological disorders in estuaries of the Louisianian Province over a 12-year period with a power of at least 80%. © Rapid Science 1998     

Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis

Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate (MS), sodium benzene sulfonate (BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) in electrodialysis (ED), to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order: SDBS?>?SDS?>?NSS?>?BS?>?MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and /or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.     

萱草修复石油烃污染土壤的根际机制和根系代谢组学分析

采用温室盆栽方法,研究花卉植物萱草(Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.)对大港油田石油烃污染土壤的修复,设定的土壤石油烃污染含量为:0、10 000和40 000 mg·kg~(-1).结果表明,萱草对石油烃含量≤40 000 mg·kg~(-1)具有良好的耐性,并且萱草对石油烃污染土壤中石油烃的修复效果比较显著,主要表现在试验组石油烃的去除率分别为53.7%和33.4%,显著高于空白对照组(31.8%和12.0%).通过GC-MS测定土壤中的氨基酸、有机酸以及糖类等成分的相对含量,并结合PCA和PLS-DA模型探讨了土壤石油烃去除的根际机制.结果发现,萱草的种植确实改变了土壤各成分的分布特征,而且其中喃葡萄糖对石油烃的去除起到关键的作用.此外,对萱草根系代谢组学的分析结果显示,仅在污染组发现了特殊的代谢物丙氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸.而且,石油烃的暴露确实改变了萱草根系的初生代谢流,引起了一些代谢物的显著变化.总之,萱草可以种植于石油烃含量≤40 000 mg·kg~(-1)的污染土壤,并具备了对石油烃的修复能力;同时石油烃的暴露改变了萱草的根系代谢,而这种改变可能是萱草对石油烃污染土壤做出的代谢响应.     

逼近于理想解的排序方法在环境质量评价中的应用

本文将多目标决策中的逼近于理想解排序方法,引入到环境质最评价之中,并提出确定污染物指标权重的方法。最后,结合浦东新区内河水质评价,验证其准确性和优越性。     

普通电炉壳体新的成形工艺

通过对普通电炉壳体传统成形工艺深人全面地分析,指出了传统工艺存在的问题.从普通电炉实际使用中对电炉壳体的结构要求出发,指出了电炉壳体新的成形工艺.通过对新旧工艺进行全面的对比和新工艺的实际生产表明,所提出的电炉壳体成形新工艺具有较高的应用推广价值.     

中小型钩锻件的一火成形与模具设计

一火成形是中小型模锻的发展方向,它既能提高锻件质量、模具寿命,又能提高生产效率、降低成本、便于管理。此文以船用集装箱紧固钩锻件为例,就其一火成形的工艺及模具设计进行分析、讨论,重点介绍其工艺步骤、模具设计方案及要求。     

西藏花岗岩体含矿性的判别

西藏自治区花岗岩类十分发育．共有200多个岩体，可分成5个花岗岩带。由同熔型花岗岩与改造型花岗岩成带分布，组成对花岗岩带。本次利用玉龙等7个斑岩型铜矿岩体的18个样品及7个不含铜矿岩体的18个样品作为判别基础，建立了两个判别函数，然后对其它本知岩体样品进行判别．以确定它们含斑岩型铜矿的可能性。经对全区125个岩体310件样品多组逐步判别的结果，有42个岩体具含斑岩铜矿的可能性。     

农村环境质量区划的多元分析

本文提出了适合于农村环境质量区划的分区方法，即首先以主成分分析法分析农村环境质量问题，然后以多种聚类分析法取得一个初始分区系统，最后用判别分析法判别该初始分区系统中各区域单元的类型归属是否正确，对一些类型归属不恰当的作适当调整，最终得到农村环境质量分区系统。文章最后讨论了类型划分问题。     

稀土尾矿场土地复垦技术研究

根据稀土矿场延寿 特点，研究了土地复垦适宜性植物物种 选择，植物群落结构的配置，种植和施肥方法，并闻先锋植物种群的结构配置模式。３年跟踪观测结果表明，植物生长良好，生态环境明显改善，水土流失得到控制