三种水生植物在不同季节去污能力的对比研究

在实验室人工模拟太湖地区春季和冬季不同气候条件下,对三种抗寒去污性能较强的水生植物伊乐藻、石菖蒲和水芹菜在不同营养状态下和不同季节温度条件下去除氮磷的效果进行了系统地对比研究。结果表明:这三种植物均能较好地吸收水中的营养物质,其中以水芹菜脱氮除磷效果最好;总体上植物在春季吸收氮的效果要好于冬季,但对磷的季节吸收差异没有氮明显。可利用沉水植物和挺水植物对氮磷去除的各自优势分别筛选吸收效果较好的植物品种,构成双层次群落结构(FAMS)用以修复太湖地区富营养化水体。     

低温低浓度下城市污水活性污泥自然培养和驯化

介绍了交互式物化/生化反应器处理城市污水的工艺流程和特点。研究了交互式物化/生化反应器中试系统在低温低进水浓度(水温13℃~17℃,平均CODcr为144mg/L)和自然不接种的情况下,利用生态絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁和助凝剂聚丙烯酸进行活性污泥培养和成长的过程规律,并在自然状态下(水温17℃~23℃,平均CODcr为117mg/L)对生成的活性污泥进行驯化。     

燃气火焰中热力型NOx的生成与控制

燃气火焰中热力型ＮＯｘ以ＮＯ为主，以ＮＯ为主，燃烧温度对ＮＯ生成起决定作用，空气系数也主要通过改变燃烧温度影响ＮＯｘ生成。燃烧温度大于１８００Ｋ时，有较多ＮＯ生成。降低燃烧温度与保持高效燃烧相协调是控制ＮＯｘ生成的关键。     

堆肥式生态厕所处理人类排泄物变化规律研究

选用秸秆和木屑的混合物作为生态厕所反应基质,采用日本研制生产的s-15型生态厕所为实验装置,通过好氧微生物的氧化分解,将粪便转化为无臭味的水、二氧化碳和较干燥的有机肥.实验模拟实际生活,通过5～6人正常使用方式投加物料,旨在研究生态厕所在现实生活中处理人类排泄物的变化规律.通过分析实验过程中的物料投加量、使用周期、温度、含水率等指标的变化.发现生态厕所使用的第5～12周,温度在50℃左右,含水率稳定在50%～60%之间时生态厕所减量化效果最为理想.     

半干法烟气脱硫工艺中的近绝热饱和温度

介绍了近绝热饱和温度在半干法烟气脱硫工艺中的概念。根据半干法烟气脱硫中试试验的试验数据及工业试验装置的运行经验 ,论述了近绝热饱和温度对脱硫系统的性能及运行的影响。通过对影响近绝热饱和温度的因素的分析 ,提出了在设计和运行过程中 ,控制和选用近绝热饱和温度的可行方案     

DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用

变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)或温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE)已成为环境微生物学领城比较微生物群落多样性和检测种群动力学的重要分子手段,本文介绍了DGGE/TGGE方法在土壤微生物群落研究中的应用进展及存在的缺陷,并提出了改进建议.     

立井井壁破坏应力研究

应用利用弹性理论、温度应力场理论、热胀冷缩原理 ,对立井井壁破坏应力进行了较为精确的受力分析 ,给出了立井井壁应力分布规律的解析式。在整个理论的分析过程中 ,笔者着重分析了井壁应力中负摩擦力的影响 ,对负摩擦力引起的井壁应力进行了较为细致的计算 ,并通过具体算例进行了说明。笔者研究的结果 ,为井壁设计的理论提供了新的依据 ,同时对煤矿设计及煤矿工程应用有重要实用价值。     

Preparation of n-Octadecane@MF resin microPCMs and its application in temperature control of esterification reactions

Reaction thermal runaway accidents occur frequently and occupy a high proportion in chemical accidents. Reducing accidents by controlling reaction temperature is of great implication to enhance the safety level of chemical processes. Phase change materials (PCMs) have a good energy storage potential, which can rapidly convert the reaction exotherm in the reaction process into its own phase change latent heat, urgently control the reaction temperature, and enhance the process thermal safety level. In this study, using n-octadecane as the core and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin as the shell, microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) was made, which has a smooth spherical shape, good thermal stability, and a phase change enthalpy up to 162.87 J/g. The homogeneous esterification reaction of 2-butanol (2 B) and propionic anhydride (PA) was selected as the target reaction, and then the reaction was scaled up equivalently to investigate the effect of amplification to the reaction system. The results indicated that the temperature control of the esterification reaction system by microPCMs is the synergy between physical inhibition and chemical inhibition. The reaction temperature could be controlled by adding microPCMs, and the temperature control effect improved with the increase of microPCMs addition. In large scale reactors, microPCMs still has certain temperature control ability after being added.     

Colony nutritional status modulates worker responses to foraging recruitment pheromone in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

Foraging activity in social insects should be regulated by colony nutritional status and food availability, such that both the emission of, and response to, recruitment signals depend on current conditions. Using fully automatic radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to follow the foraging activity of tagged bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) during 16,000 foraging bouts, we tested whether the cue provided by stored food (the number of full honeypots) could modulate the response of workers to the recruitment pheromone signal. Artificial foraging pheromones were applied to colonies with varied levels of food reserves. The response to recruitment pheromones was stronger in colonies with low food, resulting in more workers becoming active and more foraging bouts being performed. In addition to previous reports showing that in colonies with low food successful foragers perform more excited runs during which they release recruitment pheromone and inactive workers are more prone to leave the nest following nectar influx, our results indicate that evolution has shaped a third pathway that modulates bumblebee foraging activity, thus preventing needless energy expenditure and exposure to risk when food stores are already high. This new feedback loop is intriguing since it involves context-dependent response to a signal. It highlights the integration of information from both forager-released pheromones (signal) and nutritional status (cue) that occurs within individual workers before making the decision to start foraging. Our results support the emerging view that responses to pheromones may be less hardwired than commonly acknowledged. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

A homogeneous and low-cost biosorbent for Cd,Pb and Cu removal from aqueous effluents

Heavy metal pollution of aqueous effluents is a matter of widespread concern. The use of low-cost materials for the adsorption of heavy metals seems to be a suitable choice for waste water treatment. Polyporus tenuiculus, easily cultivated on lignocellulosic waste, was assayed for Cu, Pb and Cd removal from aqueous solutions. Pb was removed more efficiently. Kinetics studies suggested a pseudo-second-order reaction and equilibrium was reached in ～ 30 min in all cases. The metal-sorption data were analysed according to several two-parameter isotherms. Data better fitted the Langmuir model for the three metals. A great dependence of metal adsorption with pH was observed. Characterisation of both the biomass and the complex metal-biomass was performed by FT-IR and SEM-EDX. Results suggest an ion exchange mechanism.