吉阳核电厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律适用性研究

观测安徽吉阳核电厂址近地面层的气象数据,对该厂址近地面层温度梯度及风廓线规律的适用性进行了分析,通过散点图的形式寻找风速比随稳定度参数的变化特征。结果表明,本区气温日变化符合一般观测规律,四季平均气温有较大差异、温差偏大,春夏两季多易出现逆温,春冬逆温强度较夏季偏大;非中性层结条件下风速比值随稳定度的增强而离散增大。     

三株反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及其生理生化特性的鉴定

为研究反硝化聚磷菌的生物学特性,通过吸磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验,从苏州某食品厂排放的废水中分离筛选出3株高效反硝化聚磷菌B4,B5和B6.经鉴定,分别属于沙雷菌（Serratia）、拉恩菌（Rahnella aquatilis）和不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）。测定了这3株菌的生长曲线。研究了温度和pH值对这3株菌的生长及除磷脱氮效能的影响,结果表明,B4,B5和B6菌株的生长和除磷脱氮反应最适温度均在30℃左右;在中温条件下,B4,B5和B6生长的最适pH值为6．5～8．5;3株菌除磷反应的最佳pH值均为中性偏碱。     

再生资源产业发展的市场化路径探讨

再生资源产业面对金融危机与税制改革的叠加影响,不能依赖于政策扶持 来摆脱困境,而是要迎合世界再生资源产业的发展趋势,走市场化、产业化、现代化的道路。     

低温SMBR系统中高粘性膨胀的发生与控制

利用一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR),研究了低温时的高粘性膨胀现象。结果表明:当温度为8℃,SRT为60d时发生了严重的高粘性膨胀。膨胀期间,SMBR对COD的去除并无太大影响,但NH3-N和TN的去除率降低。高粘性膨胀使膜污染速率大大增加,降低了膜清洗周期。通过调整进水配方、增加排泥次数、加大曝气量等方法控制了膨胀现象。     

Modeling effects of toxin exposure in fish on long-term population size, with an application to selenium toxicity in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

A primary goal in ecotoxicology is the prediction of population-level effects of contaminant exposure based on individual-level response. Assessment of toxicity at the population level has predominately focused on the population growth rate (PGR), but the PGR may not be a relevant toxicological endpoint for populations at equilibrium. Equilibrium population size may be a more meaningful endpoint than the PGR because a population with smaller equilibrium size is more susceptible to the negative effects of environmental variability. We address the individual-to-population extrapolation problem with modeling utilizing classical mathematical theory. We developed and analyzed a general model applicable to many freshwater fish species, that includes density-dependent juvenile survival and additional juvenile mortality due to toxicity exposure, and we quantified effect on equilibrium population size as a means of assessing toxicity. Individual-level effects are typically greater than population-level effects until the individual effect is large, due to compensatory density-dependent relationships. These effects are sensitive to the recruitment potential of a population, in particular the low-density first-year survival rate S_b. Assuming high S_b could result in underestimating effects of population-level toxicity. The equilibrium size depends directly on S_b, the reproductive potential, the toxin concentration at which mean mortality is 50% (LC₅₀), and the rate at which individual mortality increases with increasing toxin concentration. More experimental data are needed to decrease the uncertainty in estimating these parameters. We then used existing data for selenium toxicity in bluegill sunfish to parameterize a simulation version of the model as an example to assess the effects of environmental stochasticity on toxicity response. Effects of environmental variability resulted in simulated extinctions at much lower toxin concentrations than predicted deterministically.     

Influence of welding speed and power on residual stress during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of thin sections with constant heat input: A study using numerical simulation and experimental validation

The temperature distribution and residual stresses for a GTAW circumferential butt joint of AISI 304 stainless steel using numerical simulation have been evaluated. For evaluation of weld induced residual stresses, the analysis of heat source fitting was carried out with heat inputs ranging from 200 to 500 J/mm to arrive at optimal heat input for obtaining proper weld penetration and heat affected zone (HAZ). For this chosen heat input, the influence of different weld speeds and powers on the temperature distribution and the residual stresses is studied. The heat source analysis revealed the best choice of heat input as 300 J/mm. The residual stresses on the inner and outer surfaces, and along the radial direction were computed. Increase in temperature distribution as well as longitudinal and circumferential residual stresses was observed with the increase in weld speed and power. The validity of the results obtained from numerical simulation is demonstrated with full scale shop floor welding experiments.     

Novel Temperature Control Technique for a Medicinal Herb Dryer System Powered by a Photovoltaic Array

Each plant has its own optimal drying temperature, especially for the medicinal herbs, because they are sensitive to heat. If the drying temperature becomes more than the optimal value, some chemical reactions will occur and influence the quality of the dried herb, such as color, taste, and aroma. While if the drying temperature becomes lower than the optimal value, the drying process will slow down, and consequently an expected degradation in the quality of the herb may occur, due to insects and fungi infestation which increase in moist conditions. This paper presents a new temperature control technique for a medicinal herb dryer system. The technique fixes the drying temperature of the medicinal herbs at 40^°C, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The control of the dryer temperature is achieved through using the proportional integral (PI) controller. The designed dryer contains two systems, which are the thermal and the electrical systems. The thermal system is designed to heat the drying air by using solar energy and bio-gas fuel. Whereas the electrical system, which contains a photovoltaic (PV) modules and a battery, is designed to supply the different electrical loads of the dryer system. The control technique is investigated through simulation work by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. The simulation results indicate the high capability of the proposed technique in controlling the drying temperature, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.     

基于CFD模拟的不同尺度竖井模型内烟气温度分布相似性的研究

通过小尺寸实验来研究实际建筑结构的火蔓延和烟气控制是一种已经被验证的十分有效的方法。经典方法中尺寸缩放只需要保证Froude数不变即可。采用CFD模拟的方法研究由火灾引起的烟气羽流在高层建筑竖井内的温度分布情况,建立三种不同尺寸高层建筑竖井的相似模型,并对比模拟结果,得出了尺寸缩放的规律:在保证Froude数不变的前提下,还需保证竖井结构内的流动为湍流;同时得到了着火房间通风口无量纲面积大小和火源位置变化对不同尺寸模型内流动相似性效果的影响规律。     

不同来流下火旋风的实验研究

已有的实验研究和数值模拟表明:火旋风存在一种中空燃烧的状态.本文通过燃烧风洞,对不同来流影响下的火旋风进行分析研究.通过一个置于大型燃烧风洞中的边角开有切向进风口的六边形小尺寸火旋风发生模型,应用热电偶测温和皮托管测速以及电子数据采集系统,对该模型内的温度分布数据和速度分布数据进行采集.通过燃烧风洞改变来流速度的大小,分析不同来流速度下火旋风内部的温度分布、速度分布和持续时间,研究来流速度对火旋风内部燃烧结构的影响、火旋风旋转速度的影响以及持续时间的影响.研究表明:来流改变了火旋风内部的燃烧结构,促进了中空燃烧状态的形成.中空燃烧状态有一个中心的低温区域.在中心低温区域温度最低时,火旋风持续时间最长.来流增强了火旋风的整体转动,并且加剧了火旋风的螺旋状上升.     

温升速率对某防火保护简支钢梁耐火时间的影响

在钢结构抗火研究中通常基于标准温升曲线分析钢构件的火灾响应特性,采用更接近实际火灾场景的BFD自然温升曲线,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究了不同火灾温升速率对某防火保护简支钢梁耐火时间的影响,并与经验公式法进行比较。结果表明:有限元分析结果与经验公式法的计算结果基本一致;不同温升速率会导致钢梁温度场变化的差异性,进而影响钢梁的耐火时间;在快速温升时,荷载大小对钢梁耐火时间的影响较大;当荷载较大时,钢梁耐火温度降低,快速温升下钢梁耐火时间较短。