Changes in forest biomass carbon stock in the Pearl River Delta between 1989 and 2003

Forest ecosystems play a significant role in maintaining climate stability at the regional and global scales as an important carbon sink.Regional forest carbon storage and its dynamic changes in the Pearl River Delta have been estimated using the continuous biomass expansion factor(BEF)method based on field measurements of forests plots in different age classes and forest inventory data of three periods(1989–1993,1994–1998,1999–2003).The results show that regional carbon storage increased by 16.76%,from 48....     

湖北省土地利用结构变化及其驱动机制分析

采用1996～2004年的统计资料,分析了湖北省土地利用结构变化,研究发现全省耕地大幅度减少,其次是未利用地和牧草地;林地则迅速增加,其次为居民点及独立工矿、园地、其他农用地、交通用地和水利设施用地。随后运用典型相关分析法,以湖北省76个县级行政单位为研究单元,进一步对湖北省土地利用结构变化的驱动因子进行了统计分析,定量诊断出各驱动因子对湖北省土地利用结构变化贡献作用的大小。结果显示,湖北省土地利用结构与社会经济因素之间关系可以用4对典型相关变量表示,耕地、居民点及工矿用地、林地、交通用地、水利设施用地的发展变化分别对应于不同的社会经济驱动因子。     

三峡调蓄过渡期长江河口地区不同水文年土壤水盐变化特征

通过布置土壤水盐动态监测网开展长江河口地区土壤水盐动态数据监测、采集和统计分析,研究该区不同水文年土壤水盐变化特征及水盐动态因子关系,结果表明该区不同水文年土壤水盐变化都有春秋季土壤积盐的季节性特点,但其枯水年份夏季土壤积盐更剧,土壤水盐动态各因子间存在明显相关性。针对三峡调蓄如何影响河口水情及土壤水盐动态这一问题,分析2003年6月三峡进入调蓄过渡期后河口土壤水盐实际动态情况及其影响因素,结果表明蓄水试运行后的3年,三峡调蓄对河口土壤水盐动态的影响尚不明显,气候因素对河口土壤水盐动态影响占主导地位,河口江水位偏低20 cm左右,河口咸潮入侵势头加强,雨季土壤和地下水积盐严重,影响作物生产,为此需采取各种水利农耕措施将不利影响降至最低。     

Climate changes in the past century and radial increment of pine in the Southern Ural steppe

Changes in the main climatic factors (air temperature and total precipitation) and their effect on the radial increment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) over the period from 1933 to 2002 were studied in an insular pine forest growing in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Evidence for a significant increase in the amount of precipitation and air temperature in the second half of this period was obtained. Functions of response of radial increment indices to climatic parameters were analyzed. Relative contributions of air temperature and precipitation to variation in the radial increment of pine in different time intervals proved to differ in relation to climate changes during the past century.     

基于亲景度和竞争态的京沪陕入境旅游市场研究

依据1999-2008年相关统计数据,选取我国入境旅游市场份额前13位的客源国,以北京、上海、陕西等三大入境旅游热点地区为研究对象,利用亲景度指标,分析总结了其入境旅游市场的时空动态变化规律及深层原因,并引入竞争态模型,重点选取日本、韩国、美国三大客源市场进行京沪陕三地的比较研究.     

广州主要工业源排放的气态污染物扩散模拟研究

以广州省控工业污染源排放的气态污染物(SO₂、NO_x为主要研究对象,通过中尺度气象模式MM5与空气质量模式CALPUFF耦合,模拟11月典型气象条件下, SO₂和NO_x的扩散传输过程,研究其时空分布特征,并分析省控工业污染源排放对特定区域(主要针对2010年亚运场馆)空气质量的影响。结果表明,主要受典型风速的影响,SO₂和NO_x浓度具有明显的时空分布不均匀性。浓度高峰值主要出现在晚间至凌晨时段,而浓度低峰值主要出现在白天至中午时段。受污染源分布、排放高度和风向的影响,荔湾区和越秀区污染物浓度较高,且在广州西南部形成较明显的污染带;且这些省控污染源对南沙体育馆空气质量有较大影响。 研究结果对广州空气污染来源分析具有一定参考意义。     

晋西北地区土地沙漠化时空格局及其驱动因素

利用晋西北地区1975,1991,2000,2015,2019年遥感影像,采用转移矩阵模型、重心迁移模型和主成分分析法,研究晋西北地区土地沙漠化的时空变化及其驱动机制.结果表明：土地沙漠化面积在时间上呈现先增加、后减少的动态趋势,其中1975~1991年沙漠化土地面积增加1495.10km²,非沙漠化土地转移为轻度沙漠化土地面积最大（1506.12km²）;1991~2000年沙漠化土地面积增加689.09km²,轻度沙漠化土地转移为中度沙漠化土地面积最大（11098.72km²）;2000~2015年沙漠化土地面积减少2365.85km²,中度沙漠化土地转移为轻度沙漠化土地面积最大（10569.56km²）;2015~2019年沙漠化土地面积减少1931.39km²,轻度沙漠化土地转移为非沙漠化土地面积最大（1909.93km²）.空间上呈现先偏南、后偏西北的迁移趋势,其中1975~1991年、1991~2000年沙漠化土地重心总体上偏南方向迁移,重度沙漠化土地重心迁移距离最大,分别为19.26,20.06km;2000~2019年沙漠化土地重心向西北迁移,轻度沙漠化土地重心迁移距离最大,为30.29km.1975~2019年晋西北地区土地沙漠化动态变化是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,人口数量和牲畜数量是影响沙漠化土地变化的主要人为因素,大风日数是影响沙漠化土地变化的主要自然因素.     

Natural attenuation characteristics and comprehensive toxicity changes of C9 aromatics under simulated marine conditions

Microcosmic experiments were performed under a simulated marine environment to investigate the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics using nine components (propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 2-ethyltoluene, 3-ethyltoluene, 4-ethyltoluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and indene). This research aims to assess the contribution of biodegradation and abiotic activity to total attenuation of C9 aromatics and ascertain the changes in the comprehensive toxicity of seawater in the natural environment. The process of natural attenuation indicates the agreement with pseudo-first-order kinetics for all nine components in microcosmic experiments. The half-lives of the nine main compounds in C9 aromatics ranged between 0.34 day and 0.44 day under optimal conditions. The experiments showed that the natural attenuation of nine aromatic hydrocarbons mainly occurred via abiotic processes. Seawater samples significantly inhibited the luminescence of P. phosphoreum (the luminescence inhibition ratio reached 100%) at the beginning of the experiment. In addition, the toxicity declined slowly and continued for 25 days. The attenuation kinetics and changes in toxicity could be applied to explore the natural attenuation of C9 aromatics in the marine environment.     

河套灌区浅层地下水NO3--N时空变化及驱动因素

为探明河套灌区地下水硝酸盐污染现状、时空演变特征和主要影响因素,选择乌拉特灌域为研究区,采用统计分析、 Piper三线图、相关分析和离子比值等方法,探究了该地区地下水硝酸盐质量浓度时空变化格局和主要驱动因素.结果表明,乌拉特灌域地下水氮素主要以NO^-₃-N为主,ρ（NO^-₃-N）存在极高值(60.00 mg·L^-1),超标率达10.50%;时间分布：8月地下水ρ（NO^-₃-N）最高(平均值为6.61 mg·L^-1), 10月(6.22 mg·L^-1)和11月(6.25 mg·L^-1)次之,3月(平均值为1.77 mg·L^-1)最小,土壤中NO^-₃-N在降雨和灌溉驱动作用影响下,下渗至地下水,呈现出丰水期和灌溉集中期高于其它时期的特征;空间分布：灌域西南部(8.87 mg·L^-1)&g...     

Does the risk of encountering lions influence African herbivore behaviour at waterholes?

A central question in the study of predator–prey relationships is to what extent prey behaviour is determined by avoidance of predators. Here, we test whether the long-term risk of encountering lions and the presence of lions in the vicinity influence the behaviour of large African herbivores at waterholes through avoidance of high-risk areas, increases in group size, changes in temporal niche or changes in the time spent in waterhole areas. In Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, we monitored waterholes to study the behaviour of nine herbivore species under different risks of encountering lions. We radio-collared 26 lions in the study area which provided the opportunity to monitor whether lions were present during observation sessions and to map longer-term seasonal landscapes of risk of encountering lions. Our results show that the preferred prey species for lions (buffalo, kudu and giraffe) avoided risky waterholes. Group size increased as encounter risk increased for only two species (wildebeest and zebra), but this effect was not strong. Interestingly, buffalo avoided the hours of the day which are dangerous when the long-term and short-term risks of encountering lions were high, and all species showed avoidance of waterhole use at night times when lions were in the vicinity. This illustrates well how prey can make temporal adjustments to avoid dangerous periods coinciding with predator hunting. Additionally, many herbivores spent more time accessing water to drink when the long- and short-term risks of encountering lions were high, and they showed longer potential drinking time when the long-term risk of encountering lions was high, suggesting higher levels of vigilance. This study illustrates the diversity of behavioural adjustments to the risk of encountering a predator and how prey respond differently to temporal variations in this risk.