行为安全管理在煤矿行为管理中的应用研究

为提升煤矿企业行为管理水平、控制生产活动中的不安全行为,在探讨煤矿行为管理存在的问题基础上,将行为安全管理方法(BBS)应用到煤矿行为管理。通过分析BBS方法原理与工作机制,设计BBS在煤矿中的实施流程:评估企业安全行为状况并制定安全行为改进目标的前期准备阶段;制定行为安全观察表并实施行为观察的行为安全观察阶段;纠正矿工不安全行为并激励行为规范矿工的干预与反馈阶段。提出健全BBS制度、健全行为考核体系与激励机制、完善行为安全培训体系的BBS保障机制。只有将BBS落实到煤矿安全生产实践,才能对矿工的不安全行为产生有效控制,从而提高煤矿安全生产绩效。     

Partial compensation of the sublethal effect of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma brassicae

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used and lead to a sizable environmental pollution that could interfere with the population biology of insects. Trichogramma is a beneficial insect used in biological control and which natural populations contribute to the control of Lepidopterus pests. In this work, we determined the effect of a sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma. The dose used (LD 0.1) induces no detectable mortality (the theoretical mortality is only one insect over 1000) and can be a good representation of contamination by this insecticide from environmental pollution. The insecticide was shown to have opposite effects on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma, depending on which sex was exposed (Delpuech, J.M., Legallet, B., Terrier, O., Fouillet, P., 1999. Chemosphere 38, 729–739). We show that, when both sexes are simultaneously exposed to the insecticide, this effect is only partially neutralized. The mean response of treated males responding to the sex pheromone from treated females is not significantly different from that of controls, but the kinetics of their response is not the same. When both sexes are treated, the response of males to the sex pheromone is lower at the beginning but their response does not decrease during time contrary to controls and becomes finally higher than that of controls. Therefore, the sublethal effect of deltamethrin in the field can be either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the difficulty in finding females and their scarcity.     

自然灾害对人们行为的影响--中国历史上农民战争与中国自然灾害的关系

自然灾害不仅给人民的生产生活带来各种影响，对于人本身行为的影响也是不容忽视。从秦朝统一中国至清朝灭亡的2000多年间，中国发生了大小成百上千次农民战争。虽然每一次农民战争都有其深刻的社会原因，但多数都发生在出现了自然灾害的时候。本文通过大量的历史史实证明了自然灾害是导致农民战争的直接导火索。并以史为鉴，提出几点警示。     

Colony choice in birds: models based on temporally invariant site quality

We propose two stochastic models to explain how birds choose colonies. In the resource choice model, birds settle at each site at a rate proportional to the total resources the site contains. In the reduced resource choice model, a smaller cohort of birds enters sites at a rate determined by the total resources at each, and the remaining individuals enter sites at a rate that is linearly proportional to the total number of birds already nesting at each site. Thus, a fraction of birds chooses sites based on the resources present, and the remainder are attracted to a site by the presence of other birds. Colony site quality is assumed not to vary between years. Both models result, on average, in an ideal free distribution of colony sizes if the birds' settlement rate is linearly related to the resources in a site, if resources are distributed equally among individuals within sites, and if individuals with equal resources have equal fitness. We applied these models to long-term data on colony sizes and site usage of cliff swallows in south-western Nebraska. A test of the resource choice model suggested that the swallow population as a whole did not choose sites based strictly on site quality or the total resources contained at each site. However, a test of the reduced resource choice model suggested that a smaller fraction of the individuals in each colony may have based their choice of site on local resource availability, with the remaining birds aggregating at those sites based on the number of birds already settled there. Tests of these models may provide insight into how individuals choose colony sites and why colonies vary in size.     

新污染物多环芳烃衍生物的来源、分布与光化学行为

环境中多环芳烃衍生物(SPAHs)来源广泛,具有“三致”效应,毒性与PAHs母体相当甚至高于母体,是一类具有较高风险的新型有机污染物.大气和表层水体等环境介质中,光化学降解是其重要的消减方式.在梳理文献的基础上,发现SPAHs在来源、分布、行为和风险研究方面与传统污染物PAHs相比有了新的突破.通过总结新污染物SPAHs的环境分布特征与光化学行为研究的最新进展,介绍了3类SPAHs的来源和形成机制,重点评述了不同环境介质中的存在状况与分布特征,讨论了水、冰等介质中SPAHs光化学转化动力学、反应路径以及影响因素,最后对SPAHs的环境行为和风险研究进行了展望.     

生猪规模养殖粪污治理行为影响因素分析——基于意愿转化行为视角

为促进养殖户积极参与粪污治理,基于意愿转化行为视角,利用吉林、辽宁2省25县的生猪规模养殖户调研数据,通过对样本数据进行分组（无意愿无行为、有意愿无行为、有意愿有行为）,运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型从“有无意愿”“有无行为”“意愿转化行为”三个维度综合分析生猪规模养殖粪污治理行为的影响因素。结果显示：养殖户的粪污治理意愿与治理行为之间存在较大差异,意愿与行为的不一致比率达26.8%。影响养殖户粪污治理意愿转化行为的因素主要与养殖规模、粪污消纳地面积、养殖净收益、周边群众舆论、粪污处理技术、粪污处理经济条件、粪污处理相关培训、政府补贴和政府监管等相关性较大,并且对意愿向行为转化具有显著的促进作用,而养殖年限成为养殖户粪污治理意愿转化行为的阻碍因素。     

四溴乙基环己烷(TBECH)立体异构体的分析方法与环境行为及毒性效应研究进展

1,2-二溴-4-（1,2-二溴乙基）-环己烷,又名TBECH（tetrabromoethylcyclohexane,四溴乙基环己烷）,是一种添加型的新型溴代阻燃剂.TBECH的立体结构复杂,具有4个异构体,每个异构体又均含有一对对映体.随着传统溴代阻燃剂的禁止生产或限制使用,TBECH作为替代品之一被广泛用于建筑业、纺织业和电子等各行业.TBECH具有长距离迁移性、生物累积性和潜在毒性,被认为是一种可能的持久性有机污染物.通过对TBECH立体异构体的分析方法、环境行为和毒性效应研究的最新进展进行综述发现,TBECH的检测通常采用气相色谱质谱联用法,但仅集中于对环境样品中TBECH非对映异构体的分离分析,对映体水平的检测将成为未来TBECH立体异构体分析的发展方向.TBECH已在大气、水体、沉积物、土壤等环境介质和生物体中被陆续检出,并对生物体产生内分泌干扰、生殖发育等毒性效应,其各立体异构体具有特异的环境行为,表现出选择性的生物累积、转化和毒性效应.鉴于目前TBECH环境行为的研究主要关注水生生态系统,而从立体异构体水平出发的研究还很欠缺,建议今后加强对陆生生态系统中TBECH污染状况、分布特征以及环境行为的研究,进一步从异构体和对映体水平深入探讨TBECH的环境过程和生物效应,全面认识环境中TBECH的迁移转化规律及最终归趋.      

聚脲弹性体在不同条件下的退化行为及改性研究进展

首先介绍了聚脲弹性体的合成原料和合成机理,然后根据合成原料的不同,对聚脲弹性体进行了分类,简述了不同种类聚脲弹性体的特点。在此基础上,总结了聚脲弹性在温度、紫外光、腐蚀介质等单因素条件作用下的退变行为和在氯盐浸渍、干湿循环、荷载作用和冻融循环等多因素耦合作用条件下的退化行为。综述了提升聚脲弹性体防腐性能、力学性能和附着力的改性研究进展,最后指出了当前聚脲弹性体退化行为研究中存在的不足,并展望了未来的研究趋势。     

Application of a Modified Health Belief Model to the Pro‐Environmental Behavior of Private Well Water Testing

A social cognition model of health behavior, the health belief model, was applied to the pro‐environmental behavior of private well water testing. Conceptualizing environmental behaviors as health behaviors may provide new insight into pro‐environmental behavior change. A groundwater education program was provided to K‐12 children throughout New England. Both child participants and their parents completed surveys pertaining to private well water behavior. Results indicate that perceived barriers and socioeconomic status significantly influenced past well water testing of parent participants. Perceived barriers included: participants' concern related to the cost of treating their water, and how a well water problem would influence their property value. Parent participants also indicated that they would perform future well water testing if they received a reminder cue to action that might include: getting a discount or reminder in the mail, if a well testing program was available, and state or local requirement. Our findings reinforce the need for continued private well water research and parallels to additional environmental behaviors.     

江苏沿海滩涂地区农户经济行为研究

江苏海岸带是中国最重要的海岸带湿地之一。滩涂资源的可持续利用成为当前研究的焦点。农户是滩涂开发的微观经济活动的主体和相对独立的生产单位。农户的经济行为对滩涂开发和利用产生直接和重要的影响。以江苏省盐城市的射阳县、大丰市为例，选择3个典型村庄进行入户访谈式调查．在对220个农户进行了入户随机抽样调查的基础上，利用区域经济动力学原理Logisti模型和Cobb-Douglas生产函数。建立了农户经济行为对环境影响的数量经济模型。研究表明，滩涂区农户经济行为对滩涂环境压力的大小及类型具有直接影响。土地经营规模、土地利用类型、生产投入、投资意向、农户受教育水平等是产生影响的主要因素。找出滩涂资源利用中存在的问题和主要的环境压力在于：农户经济生产方式单一，产业结构不合理；农户教育水平较低，环境意识差；滩涂利用经济效率低．环境压力大；农户抗市场风险能力差。并提出了相应的对策和建议。