蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体承重墙抗震性能研究综述

介绍了蒸压加气混凝土砌块砌体承重墙抗震性能研究的新进展,包括试验研究结论、有限元分析结果。指出采用足尺试件进行试验研究、采用设芯柱的方法提高此类新型承重墙体的抗震性能、建立本构模型等是今后需要进一步研究的内容。     

企业对环境信息公开的响应研究——以常熟市为例

企业环境信息公开通过加强市场和公众等利益相关者对企业环境行为的激励作用,促进企业改善其环境绩效。文章以常熟市参与环境行为评级和信息公开的企业为研究对象,分析了企业参与信息公开后总体环境绩效及具体环境行为的变化情况。同时,基于企业微观数据,构建了企业环境绩效变化与环境行为历史评级结果的关系模型,分析企业对环境行为评级与公开的响应程度。结果表明:历史环境评级结果差、有外资投入的企业对环境信息公开更能产生积极的响应;不同规模和行业类型的企业的响应程度没有显著的差异。进一步的研究发现,历史评级结果较差的企业感受到最大的压力变化来源于政府部门的监察,而有外商投资的企业则明显感到来自下游企业和投资者的压力。     

有机磷农药毒死蜱研究进展

毒死蜱作为替代高毒有机磷类农药的主要品种,在我国应用日益广泛。随着用量的增加,势必加大该类农药污染的程度。文章综述了毒死蜱的研究热点问题,主要包括毒死蜱的环境行为,对土壤酶和微生物、植物及水生生物的影响,以及毒死蜱的微生物降解等;同时对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Reducing non-contact electric arc injuries: an investigation of behavioral and organizational issues

PROBLEM: It is estimated that 5 to 10 arc flash explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the United States. In the mining industry the largest single injury category of electrical injuries are caused by non-contact electrical arcs. METHOD: This investigation progressed in two phases: (a) 836 Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) reports of electric arcing incidents that occurred over a period of 11 years were reviewed, and (b) personal interviews were conducted with 32 individuals. A theoretical Safe Job Performance Model guided the study. RESULTS: Behavioral dimensions were identified and included the effect of worker experience, judgment and decision-making ability, behavioral and organizational controls, and safety culture. SUMMARY: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted an investigation of behavioral components associated with arc flash incidents and developed recommendations for interventions based on findings. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This study fills a vacuum in electrical training with a focus on the organizational and behavioral aspects of arc flash incidents. The research is cross-cutting in its scope, in that the results apply not only to mining and construction, but many other industries employing electricians. Although the majority of mine electrical injuries are the results of burns from electrical arcs, few miners are aware that such a hazard exists. A safety training program, which includes a video and an instructor's discussion guide, was developed for electricians based on this study's findings. "Arc Flash Awareness" was released in 2007 (DHHS NIOSH Publication No.2007-116D) and is available through 1-800 CDC INFO. Phone: 1-800 232-4636 or email cdcinfo@cdc.gov. It is also available from MSHA at MSHADistribution@dol.gov or 304-256-3257 (DVD-576). Private industry is producing Portuguese and Spanish language translations.     

Examining driver behavior using data gathered from red light photo enforcement cameras

INTRODUCTION: To develop an effective driver assistance system that can prevent red light violations, it is important to have a thorough understanding of contributing factors and circumstances surrounding such violations. METHODS: Red light violation behavior was examined using about 47,000 violation records that were captured by photo enforcement cameras from 11 signalized intersections in the city of Sacramento, California, over a four-year period. This examination identified factors with strong correlation to red light running behavior. RESULTS: Key findings based on Sacramento's red light violation records include: (a) younger drivers showed a higher tendency of running the red light and were more likely to commit such a violation at speeds above the posted speed limit; (b) off-peak time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. had lower violation counts, but red light violators in this time frame had a higher propensity of racing through intersections at high speeds; (c) also during the time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m., violators showed a higher probability of entering intersections two or more seconds after the onset of red light; and (d) violators were less likely to cross high traffic-volume intersections with speeds greater than the posted speed limit. DISCUSSION: Sacramento's data suggest that some red light violators might have committed such an offense unintentionally. The top three violation speeds were all below 20 mph and more than 94% of red light runners crossed intersections within 2 seconds after the onset of the red light. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In the next several years, studies will be executed to assess whether a red light violation warning system can reduce "unintentional red light running" such as drivers who made incorrect judgment regarding the adequate time to clear the intersection and inattentive motorists who fail to observe the presence and status of the red light.     

煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。     

On the defensive behavior of the grass snake <Emphasis Type="Italic">Natrix natrix</Emphasis> (Linnaeus, 1758)

Demonstrative imitations in the defensive behavior of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) captured in the Galich’ya Gora Reserve (70 ind.) and Kulikovskii Forestry (13 ind.), Lipetsk oblast, have been analyzed using statistical methods. The results suggest that grass snakes can play dead and imitate a venomous snake independently of their sex, age, and experience in receiving injuries. At the same time, there is evidence that such an ability is a hereditary trait subject to natural selection.     

员工不安全行为的尖点突变研究

为研究员工不安全行为的形成机理,在分析员工不安全行为影响因子的基础上,从突变理论出发,以员工的行为状态为状态变量,以安全意识与安全情景为控制变量,构建员工不安全行为的尖点突变模型.根据对北京、云南与河北的电力企业调研数据,利用统计突变模型的R语言程序包对员工不安全行为的尖点突变模型进行拟合.结果表明,安全情景为正则因子,安全意识为分裂因子,共同影响员工不安全行为的突变机制.伴随着员工不安全行为发生的双模态和自组织突变现象,可以有效地说明员工不安全行为的不连续性.同时,在安全管理实践中,员工不安全行为的预防作用大于治理.     

建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的调查与分析

为了控制不安全行为在建筑工人中的传播和流行,基于社会学习理论,通过行为调查、理论分析和案例研究,对建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式、过程和影响因素进行了研究,提出了控制不安全行为传播的策略。结果表明:模仿与学习是建筑工人不安全行为复制和传播的重要方式和途径,对新不安全行为产生起着联系和催化作用。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的方式有视听式、想象式和参与式,其中视听式是最主要方式。建筑工人不安全行为的模仿与学习的影响因素涵盖榜样及其行为、模仿者和模仿学习过程。其中,榜样的权威性和影响力是最重要的增强因素,不安全行为后果的威慑力是最重要的抑制因素。     

安全管理者的威权领导对矿工安全行为的影响研究

探讨威权领导对矿工安全行为的影响关系,以及心理安全感在二者之间的调节作用,对进行矿工安全行为管理有帮助。设计了包含威权领导、安全行为和心理安全感的调查问卷,采用回归分析方法,通过对235名矿工的调查问卷分析,结果显示:威权领导在煤矿企业中普遍存在,并对矿工安全行为有显著影响,其中对安全服从行为有正向影响,对安全参与行为有负向影响;心理安全感在威权领导与安全行为的影响中具有显著调节作用。其中,心理安全感的高低在威权领导对安全服从行为的正向影响中有缓慢提升作用,但在威权领导与安全参与行为的负向影响中有加速降低作用。该结论丰富了矿工安全行为的研究视角,为煤矿企业安全生产管理实践提供参考。