我国重点行业环境保护与节能减排宏观要求及政策建议

从我国目前节能减排的形势出发,结合几大高污染、高能耗行业的环保现状,给出了能够实现环保与节能减排的总体原则并重点提出了相应的宏观政策建议。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.     

定型机废气中油烟监测方法探讨

印染行业中定型机废气的主要污染物之一是其中的工业油烟,由于当前我国没有工业油烟排放监测分析的国家标准,在实际监测过程中主要参照饮食业油烟的监测方法,但是工业油烟和饮食业油烟之间存在性质等方面的较大差异,导致两者在监测过程中也存在区别。通过对定型机排放废气中油烟多次监测分析,探讨在当前条件下,符合定型机废气中油烟监测的方法。     

Effectiveness of tertiary treatment processes in removing different classes of emerging contaminants from domestic wastewater

● Different advanced treatment processes were tested for ECs removal from wastewater. ● UV radiation showed low to moderate removal for 5 of the 38 micropollutants. ● Among tested membrane processes, nanofiltration showed the better performance. ● The use of PAC achieved high or partially removal for 31 out of the 38 compounds. ● The environmental and economical evaluation of a pilot-scale PAC unit is suggested. In this work, 38 different organic emerging contaminants (ECs), belonging to various chemical classes such as pharmaceuticals (PhCs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTHs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), were initially identified and quantified in the biologically treated wastewater collected from Athens’ (Greece) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Processes already used in existing STPs such as microfiltration (MF), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), UV radiation, and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were assessed for ECs’ removal, under the conditions that represent their actual application for disinfection or advanced wastewater treatment. The results indicated that MF removed only one out of the 38 ECs and hence it was selected as pretreatment step for the other processes. UV radiation in the studied conditions showed low to moderate removal for 5 out of the 38 ECs. NF showed better results than UF due to the smaller pore sizes of the filtration system. However, this enhancement was observed mainly for 8 compounds originating from the classes of PhCs and PFCs, while the removal of EDCs was not statistically significant. Among the various studied technologies, PAC stands out due to its capability to sufficiently remove most ECs. In particular, removal rates higher than 70% were observed for 9 compounds, 22 were partially removed, while 7 demonstrated low removal rates. Based on our screening experiments, future research should focus on scaling-up PAC in actual conditions, combining PAC with other processes, and conduct a complete economic and environmental assessment of the treatment.     

Experimental and DFT insights into nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes for effective desulfurization of liquid phases: Equilibrium & kinetic study

• Synthesis of NS-CNTS is used in a high desulfurization performance. • Synthesizing NS-CNT is considered as a novel adsorbent from low-cost precursors. • A high sulfur removal capacity for NS-CNT is attained compared with recent works. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes (NS-CNT) adsorbents were synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition technique at 1000°C by employing the camphor, urea and sulfur trioxide pyridine. In this study, desulfurization of two types of mercaptans (dibenzothiophene (DBT) and tertiary butyl mercaptan (TBM) as nonlinear and linear forms of mercaptan) was studied. In this regard, a maximum capacity of NS-CNT was obtained as 106.9 and 79.4 mg/g and also the removal efficiencies of 98.6% and 88.3% were achieved after 4 h at 298K and 0.9 g of NS-CNT for DBT and TBM, respectively. Characterization of the NS-CNTs was carried out through exploiting scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and elemental analysis (CHN). The isotherm equilibrium data could be ascribed to the Freundlich nonlinear regression form and the kinetic data was fitted by nonlinear form of the pseudo second order model. The negative values of ΔS⁰, ΔH⁰ and ΔG⁰ specify that the adsorption of both types of mercaptans was a natural exothermic process with a reduced entropy. Maintenance of more than 96% of the adsorption capacity even after nine cycles suggest the NS-CNT as a superior adsorbent for mercaptans removal in the industry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to peruse the effects of S/N co-doping and carbon monovacancy defects in CNTs toward the adsorption of DBT and TBM.     

我国地热资源与可持续开发利用

地热资源是清洁能源，在我国有广泛的分布，本文在对我国地热资源及其开发利用现状的分析基础上，指出我国地热产业存在的问题和面临的机遇，提出了地热资源可持续开发利用的对策建议。     

Tertiary metallogenesis in the Eastern Alps: the Waldenstein hematite deposit (Austria)

The specularite deposit at Waldenstein is an epigenetic replacement/vein-type hematite mineralization with distinct alteration zones. It is situated in highly metamorphosed schists and, gneisses of the Koralm Crystalline Complex. Sericitization and chloritization are strictly bound to this alteration and occur within a few meters of the hematite veins. Radiometric dating of the sericitization and the implicity of the mineralization yield a Middle Eocene age. Petrographic evidence proves an early, relatively reduced paragenesis (magnetite, ilmenite) being partly replaced by hematite and chlorite during the main phase of ore formation. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope investigations indicate that formation temperatures were approximately 300°C during the main stage and decreased to 200°C in the latest stage of the hydrothermal event. The H-isotope compositions of chlorites and of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate the influence of seawater. This also explains the high salinities determined by fluid inclusion studies (20–30% NaCl equiv.). According to the genetic model presented in this paper the hydrothermal activity started when the deformation accompanying the uplift of the Koralm Crystalline Complex passed from a ductile to brittle regime (Middle Eocene). The brittle faults acted as channelways for rising, deep fluids, probably of metamorphic origin. Temperature differences between the different uplifting crustal segments supported fluid circulation. Precipitation of the ore occurred at shallow crustal levels where the hydraulic regime was dominated by seawater, and oxidation of the original reducing fluids took place.     

浅析石化工业有害固体废物区域性管理及处理处置

石化行业工业有害固体废物处理处理，与发达国家相比仍处于起步阶段，集团公司应坚持经济与环境双赢，减量化，无害化，资源化的原则，对工业有害固体物实施全面，系统的管理，积极推行固体废物集中处置设施的区域化，规模化，有效地控制排污总量，真正带动和改善区域环境质量，树立石化企业良好形象。     

工业区集中供热的实践和思考

国内工业企业供热方式，主要包括热电联产集中供热、锅炉房集中供热和单体锅炉分散供热，各种供热方式各有优缺点。工业区集中供热在经济效益、环境效益、社会效益、安全保障和土地利用方面有着明显的优势。温州市鹿城区前陈电镀基地、洞桥制革基地，开展锅炉房集中供热试点并取得成功，其它工业区也将推广集中供热。工业区集中供热的深入开展，需要在计量收费、宣传引导、规划和节能、联网方面做好工作。在联网供热中，还要考虑供热经济半径的问题。     

第三系红层下石林的岩溶动力学特征

区域地球化学表明 ,第三系泉水及直接被第三系覆盖的灰岩泉水的SIC在雨季小于 0 ,在旱季大于 0。在祭白龙洞 ,地表被第三系覆盖洞段滴水的暂时硬度比地表无此覆盖层的滴水小 1 .6～ 3mmol/L ,pH值也较低。第三系盖层中空气CO2 浓度为 1 0 0 0 0～ 1 4 0 0 0mg/m3,随深度下降。第三系的裂隙最大渗透张量为 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 5m/d,高于石灰岩。野外溶蚀试验结果 ,第三系盖层中石灰岩的溶蚀速率为 1 .5mg/ 1 0 0d,且垂直溶蚀速率与水平溶蚀速率相当。上述特征表明 ,较高的裂隙渗透张量及随裂隙下渗的富侵蚀性的水是石芽、石林发育的两个重要因素。这也是为什么发育好的石林常常伴随残留的小面积第三系出现的原因