污染源在线监测系统（CEMS）的验收比对监测

随着节能减排的开展,各重点污染源企业,特别是SO2等标排放负荷较大的热电、钢铁等使用燃煤锅炉的企业,都按照环保局的要求安装了污染源在线监测系统CEMS。CEMS数据的可靠性、正确性、稳定性对于污染减排有着决定性作用,CEMS已成为一种最有效的定量和监控管理手段。本文介绍了CEMS系统的组成及功能,以及验收监测比对法规依据,并根据《固定污染源烟气排放连续监测技术规范》（HJ／T75—2007）（试行）和《固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法》（HJ／T75—2007）（试行）验收监测比对指标,简要说明了验收比对的方法并分析了在实际监测中遇到的问题,提出了需要注意的事项。     

土壤中重金属测定方法探讨

采用硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸全分解方法消解土壤样品,并结合原子吸收分光光度法和标准加入法测定土壤中、锌、铅、镉、镍、总铬的含量.结果表明,该方法具有操作简便、快速,节省试剂,准确可靠等特点:实际土壤样品的检测结果完全能满足环境土壤样品测定的要求.     

浅议环境保护专项资金效益审计的重点和方法

重点论述了从征、管、用三大环节对环保专项资金进行效益审计。论述了审计方法,提出了存在的问题和建议。     

基于均方差决策法的辽宁省城市综合承载力研究

通过构建评价指标体系,并基于均方差决策方法确立指标权重,构建综合承载力评价模型,对辽宁省14个地级市综合承载力展开分析。结果表明,研究区内资源、环境承载力供需指数比普遍偏低,14个地级市中环境承载力供需指数比大于1的比例不足10%,资源承载力比例不足30%。不同城市各要素承载力及综合承载力均存在显著差异,其中,大连、沈阳综合承载力最高,本溪、丹东资源承载力最高,辽阳、盘锦环境承载力较低,沈阳和大连经济承载力较高,各城市社会承载力总体较高。此外,资源与经济承载力对研究区城市综合承载力的影响最大,但是研究区城市发展的限制性因素是环境,未来应着重根据各市环境短板确定未来严格的环境保护目标与管理体制,有效提升城市环境承载力。     

超临界态二氧化碳再生活性炭法治理甲苯废气

制鞋业产生的含甲苯、苯和二甲苯废气的治理大多采用活性炭吸附法。该课题提出以压缩二氧化碳为脱附剂,采用超临界流体萃取技术再生活性炭及回收甲苯工艺。实验表明,以液态或超临界态的压缩二氧化碳作萃取剂,采用萃取法可完全再生活性炭,其采用液态优于超临界态;压缩二氧化碳对活性炭具有扩孔作用,可增加活性炭的吸附容量,多次再生的活性炭吸附容量几乎不变;萃取剂的用量和密度显著影响着活性炭的再生效率;活性炭捆包填充在脱附塔中,不会显著增加脱附的阻力。      

项目EIA与区域环境规划的协调途径探讨

通过对项目ＥＩＡ与区域环境规划的概念,性质,内容,方法及在环境管理中作用的论述,指出了二者在实施中存在的问题,阐明了它们的特点与相互关系,同时结合我国当前的环境状况与面临的形势及对环境管理新的要求,提出了在今后的实施中应注意协调的原则和方法。     

Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO2 impregnated onto Perlite and Poraver carriers

•ZnO/Perlite inactivated 72% of bioaerosols in continuous gas phase. •TiO₂ triggered the highest level of cytotoxicity with 95% dead cells onto Poraver. •Inactivation mechanism occurred by membrane damage, morphological changes and lysis. •ZnO/Poraver showed null inactivation of bioaerosols. •Catalysts losses at the outlet of the photoreactor for all systems were negligible. Bioaerosols are airborne microorganisms that cause infectious sickness, respiratory and chronic health issues. They have become a latent threat, particularly in indoor environment. Photocatalysis is a promising process to inactivate completely bioaerosols from air. However, in systems treating a continuous air flow, catalysts can be partially lost in the gaseous effluent. To avoid such phenomenon, supporting materials can be used to fix catalysts. In the present work, four photocatalytic systems using Perlite or Poraver glass beads impregnated with ZnO or TiO₂ were tested. The inactivation mechanism of bioaerosols and the cytotoxic effect of the catalysts to bioaerosols were studied. The plug flow photocatalytic reactor treated a bioaerosol flow of 460×1 0⁶ cells/m³_air with a residence time of 5.7 s. Flow Cytometry (FC) was used to quantify and characterize bioaerosols in terms of dead, injured and live cells. The most efficient system was ZnO/Perlite with 72% inactivation of bioaerosols, maintaining such inactivation during 7.5 h due to the higher water retention capacity of Perlite (2.8 mL/g_Perlite) in comparison with Poraver (1.5 mL/g_Perlite). However, a global balance showed that TiO₂/Poraver system triggered the highest level of cytotoxicity to bioaerosols retained on the support after 96 h with 95% of dead cells. SEM and FC analyses showed that the mechanism of inactivation with ZnO was based on membrane damage, morphological cell changes and cell lysis; whereas only membrane damage and cell lysis were involved with TiO₂. Overall, results highlighted that photocatalytic technologies can completely inactivate bioaerosols in indoor environments.     

Photocatalytic degradation of the acetaminophen by nanocrystal-engineered TiO2 thin film in batch and continuous system

• Photocatalytic activity was improved in TiO₂ thin film by rapid thermal annealing. • Photoreactor was designed for TiO₂ thin film. • Considerable reusability and durability of prepared photocatalysts were studied. Un-biodegradable pharmaceuticals are one of the major growing threats in the wastewaters. In the current study, TiO₂ thin film photocatalysts were designed by nanocrystal engineering and fabricated for degradation of the acetaminophen (ACE) in a photocatalytic reaction under UV light irradiation in batch and continuous systems. The photocatalyst was prepared by sputtering and then engineered by thermal treatment (annealing at 300℃ (T300) and 650℃ (T650)). The annealing effects on the crystallinity and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ film were completely studied; it was found that annealing at higher temperatures increases the surface roughness and grain size which are favorable for photocatalytic activity due to the reduction in the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. For the continuous system, a flat plate reactor (FPR) was designed and manufactured. The photocatalytic performance was decreased with the increase of flow rate because the higher flow rate caused to form the thicker film of the liquid in the reactor and reduced the UV light received by photocatalyst. The reusability and durability of the samples after 6 h of photocatalytic reaction showed promising performance for the T650 sample (annealed samples in higher temperatures).     

Reach‐Scale Geomorphic and Biological Effects of Localized Streambank Armoring

Armoring of streambanks is a common management response to perceived threats to adjacent infrastructure from flooding or erosion. Despite their pervasiveness, effects of reach‐scale bank armoring have received less attention than those of channelization or watershed‐scale hydromodification. In this study, we explored mechanistic ecosystem responses to armoring by comparing conditions upstream, within, and downstream of six stream reaches with bank armoring in Southern California. Assessments were based on four common stream‐channel assessment methods: (1) traditional geomorphic measures, (2) the California Rapid Assessment Method for wetlands, (3) bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates, and (4) bioassessment with stream algae. Although physical responses varied among stream types (mountain, transitional, and lowland), armored segments generally had lower slopes, more and deeper pools and fewer riffles, and increased sediment deposition. Several armored segments exhibited channel incision and bank toe failure. All classes of biological indicators showed subtle, mechanistic responses to physical changes. However, extreme heterogeneity among sites, the presence of catchment‐scale disturbances, and low sample size made it difficult to ascribe observed patterns solely to channel armoring. The data suggest that species‐level or functional group‐level metrics may be more sensitive tools than integrative indices of biotic integrity to local‐scale effects.     

项目教学法在高职商务英语谈判教学中的应用——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

项目教学法是教师为主导,学生为主体,项目为载体,任务为驱动,以职业能力培养为目标,以社会需求为背景的系统的教学方法。以中国环境管理干部学院为例,通过讲述项目教学法的特点及在实践教学中的应用原则,提出了项目教学法在学院商务英语谈判课堂上进行的步骤、遇到的困难,并提出了相应的改进措施。