嘉兴市印染行业中水回用率影响因素及对策研究

对嘉兴市3类印染企业中水回用率影响因素进行了全面调查,并对废水排放量大的化纤印染企业开展了典型调查.结果表明:嘉兴市印染企业共354家,小型企业占65.3％,微型企业占16.1％.化纤印染企业占57.6％,其原料和助剂用量最大,废水排放量最高.不同染色工艺中,溢流染色工艺COD产污系数最大,31家化纤印染、22家棉印染...     

靛兰染色废水处理的有效工艺及设备

为解决色织企业靛兰染色废水治理问题,在工艺实验研究的基础上,成功地采用了“预处理－物化－生化”工艺,并研制安装了一套处理能力为300m³/d的专用设备,经检测各项指标达到国家排放标准,其中SS、CODcr、BOD₅、S²－、色度、苯胺的去除率分别为73.5％、73.5％、84.98％、96.28％、96.92％、100％。在多年运行中证明该工艺及其设备性能稳定、操作简单、投资省、运转成本低。     

电化腐蚀－还原降解－混凝吸附法处理印染废水的研究

为了处理印染废水,介绍一种以铁屑、烟道灰或瓦斯灰为处理剂的新方法,探讨了处理机理,给出了适宜的处理条件和工艺流程。实验结果表明,当处理剂用量比在4：6左右,铁屑过滤和混凝吸附的pH值分别控制在4～5和8～9时,处理20min,经处理后的印染废水,COD去除率和脱色率均可达90％以上,出水COD全部低于100mg/L,水质清澈透明,各项水质指标均符合国家排放标准。该法适用于中小型纺织印染厂的废水治理。     

改性铁法处理印染废水

通过对铁屑进行改性,并辅以其它活性材料构成填料塔对印染废水进行处理。结果表明改性铁法与传统的铁屑固定氏法相比较,对可溶性染料的处理效果,二者相近;对不溶性染料本法的脱色率和COD去除率比传统铁屑法提高20％～30％,基本上解决了传统铁屑法不容易处理不溶性染料的难题。综合考虑COD去除率、脱色率两方面因素,选择pH值5～6,接触时间13～15min为最佳。     

SDF絮凝剂的研制及在印染废水处理中的应用

以甲醛、二氰胺为主要原料,氯化铵为催化剂及一定量的助剂研制出SDF阳离子絮凝剂.对模拟废水和工业废水的处理结果表明,在最佳操作条件下,SDF絮凝剂对工业印染废水和模拟印染废水均有理想的处理效果,脱色率和CODcr去除率超过95%和75%,在和其他絮凝剂比较时,SDF絮凝剂的综合性能明显优于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)等絮凝剂.     

Adoption of European Union's IPPC Directive to a textile mill: Analysis of water and energy consumption

The present study was undertaken as part of the first application and evaluation of the BREF (Best Available Techniques; BAT Reference Document) Textile Document within the context of the European Union's Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive to a large scale textile mill in Turkey. The BAT requirements for the denim manufacturing textile mill were selected in cooperation with the factory management. Detailed mass balance calculations were conducted to evaluate the overall effect of the selected BAT options. The initial findings indicated that the adoption of the selected BAT options resulted in considerable savings in water and energy consumption in the mill. Besides the installation of flow meters and use of semi-counter current rinsing in the most water-intensive processes, minimization of wash waters in the water softening plant, reuse of the concentrate stream from the reverse osmosis plant and compressor cooling waters provided a 29.5% reduction in the total specific water consumption of the mill, reaching the lower limits suggested by the BREF Textile Document. In terms of energy consumption, use of waste heat from finishing wastewater streams in heating up the wash waters, heat insulation and maintenance applications in addition to BAT measures taken for water minimization reduced specific energy consumption by 9% achieving the limits set by the BREF Textile Document.     

Application of cupuassu shell as biosorbent for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution

The cupuassu shell (Theobroma grandiflorum) which is a food residue was used in its natural form as biosorbent for the removal of C.I. Reactive Red 194 and C.I. Direct Blue 53 dyes from aqueous solutions. This biosorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves. The effects of pH, biosorbent dosage and shaking time on biosorption capacities were studied. In acidic pH region (pH 2.0) the biosorption of the dyes were favorable. The contact time required to obtain the equilibrium was 8 and 18 h at 298 K, for Reactive Red 194 and Direct Blue 53, respectively. The Avrami fractionary-order kinetic model provided the best fit to experimental data compared with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and chemisorption kinetic adsorption models. The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Radke-Prausnitz isotherm models. For both dyes the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Sips isotherm model.     

水合二氧化锰对模拟染料的脱色作用研究

通过二氧化锰对罗丹明B、萘酚绿B、酸性络兰K等染料在不同pH值、温度、吸附时间、药品投加量等单因素条件下的脱色效果,设计正交试验,得出染料废水脱色的最佳工艺条件以及各种因素对脱色率的影响程度,结果显示影响脱色率的主次因素次序为pH值〉药剂投加量〉吸附时间〉吸附温度。同时通过对紫外光谱的研究．分析出二氧化锰对染料废水的基本脱色机理。印染废水是一类针对于生物降解的特殊有机废水,处理量大,治理困难,且多数染料为三致物质。对于控制废水的污染,保护人类健康具有重要的现实意义,同时对开发和研究新型废水处理药剂具有一定的实际价值。     

固定化包埋多菌灵白菌对印染废水脱色处理实验研究

采用海藻酸钠(SA)对1株多菌灵降解菌白菌进行包埋固定后用来处理洋红染料废水,并对最佳包埋条件及包埋后对洋红废水脱色效果进行研究。结果表明:用SA包埋法的最佳条件为:菌液与3%SA按1:5体积比混合,在4%CaCl2溶液中室温交联24 h。包埋的白菌小球,在30℃、pH=5,每200 mL废水投加5 g固定化的白菌,反应时间为3 h的条件下,SA包埋的多菌灵白菌对洋红印染废水的脱色率96%,在最佳条件下经过生理盐水冲洗后包埋的固定化小球可以反复使用4次,累计使用时间达12 h。