动态铁屑粉煤灰内电解法处理染料废水的研究

研究了内电解法动态处理3种染料废水的工艺条件,如反应时间、pH值、铁屑投加量、铁屑粉煤灰比例等.在最佳工艺条件下,动态内电解法处理混合染料废水,色度去除达95%,CODCr去除率也达70%.并讨论了铁屑-粉煤灰内电解法处理染料废水的机理.     

Regeneration of industrial district wastewater using a combination of Fenton process and ion exchange—A case study

Regeneration studies of wastewater effluent from an organized industrial district (OID) for possible reuse in textile industry as process water was investigated. Advanced treatment methods including Fenton process, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) coagulation and ion exchange were applied on OID effluent. In Fenton process removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SAC₄₃₆ (spectral absorption coefficient), SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 61%, 36%, 35%, 49% and 67%, respectively. After Fenton process, wastewater samples were coagulated with PAC. Optimum removal efficiencies for SS, COD, Fe ion, SAC₄₃₆, SAC₅₂₅ and SAC₆₂₀ were determined 83%, 18%, 93%, 32%, 36% and 58%, respectively. Ion exchange experiments were conducted on chemically coagulated wastewater samples to improve the quality of wastewater. Optimum dosage of resins was determined. The experiments revealed that 1:1 resin ratio (20 mL H-type resin:20 mL OH-type resin) gave the best removal rates for the parameters considered in this study. Study results indicated that quality of the wastewater was suitable for the process water characteristics of textile industry and unit wastewater treatment cost was determined as 2.54 €/m³.     

水解酸化反应器预处理印染废水的启动研究

以印染废水为处理对象,研究了水解酸化反应器启动过程中CODcr的去除率、出水B/C、pH值和反应器内VFA的变化。试验结果表明：反应器整个启动过程耗时35天,在废水量100%,CODcr去除率稳定在42.54～48.7%之间;出水B/C在0.428 3～0.463 3之间,比进水B/C提高了0.190 4～0.281 8;出水pH值保持在6.03～6.46之间,比进水pH值降低0.45左右;反应器内的VFA浓度达到140 mmol/L左右。启动过程表明：如果CODcr的去除率达到35%以上、出水B/C提高到0.35以上、出水pH值有明显降低、反应器内的VFA浓度达到100 mmol/L以上,则说明厌氧生物膜驯化成熟,水解酸化菌已经成为反应器内的优势菌种,反应器启动成功。     

脉冲电絮凝处理难降解印染废水的研究

研究了以铝作阳极采用脉冲电絮凝技术对难降解染料废水的处理,探讨了脉冲电源脉冲占空比、脉冲频率、电流密度、电解时间和废水浓度等因素对废水色度和COD去除率的影响,并对脉冲方式在脱色率和COD去除率、材耗及能耗等方面进行了对比研究。结果表明,与直流电絮凝相比,脉冲电絮凝技术在处理难降解染料废水中有着明显的节能优势,单脉冲和双脉冲电絮凝其能耗分别降低了84%和87%,其电极消耗则分别与之持平和增加了93%。     

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater towards reuse by the combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor process

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe 2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/(m 3 ·day). The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water-water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.     

UASB厌氧反应器预处理印染废水的中试研究

对厌氧上流式反应器(UASB)预处理难降解印染废水进行了中试研究。结果表明,厌氧上流式反应器稳定运行2个多月,在进水COD波动较大的情况下(最高1020.0mg/L,最低593.6mg/L,平均755.4mg/L),厌氧上流式反应器出水平均COD409.3mg/L,平均去除率为45.5%。厌氧上流式反应器对色度去除效果较佳,进水平均色度342倍,出水平均色度78倍,平均去除率为77.2%。印染废水B/C由0.29提高到0.46,提高了0.17,废水可生化性明显改善。     

Electrochemical reduction in vat dyeing: greener chemistry replaces traditional processes

In application of vat dyes the substitution of non-regenerable reducing agents such as Na₂S₂O₄ by cathodically regenerable reducing agents offers great ecological advantages. In a demonstration project a 45 A multi-cathode electrolyser successfully was coupled to a dyeing apparatus for package dyeing with a capacity of 1–10 kg material. Iron-complexes with triethanolamine and Na-d-gluconate were used as cathodically regenerable reducing agents. Dyebath regeneration was performed by ultrafiltration. Substantial reduction in chemical consumption and reduction in wastewater volume, released from the dyeing process could be demonstrated. Quality of dyeings was assessed with regard to levelness and iron content analysed in the dyed samples.     

蜡染企业废水分质处理回用技术与工程实践

蜡染是印染行业中污染最严重、能耗最高的行业,通过采用新的技术手段,对蜡染企业排放的废水进行分质处理并回用是企业实现可持续发展的有效途径。本文介绍了青岛凤凰印染有限公司在生产实践中对退蜡废水进行在线处理回用并回收了松香,对印花后水洗废水进行在线处理回用并回收了热能,从而减轻了终端废水处理设施的压力,实现了终端废水的达标排放及深度处理后的部分回用的工程实践,为国内同行业该类废水的治理提供了借鉴。     

新型膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

印染废水在工业废水中占有较大的比重,其成分复杂,污染物浓度高、难于降解,因而也是处理难度大、治理费用高的废水。本试验将膜生物反应器与活性炭技术结合应用,着重研究其在处理印染废水时的规律和活性炭去除色度的作用。通过厌氧槽内厌氧微生物的处理,好氧反应器中好氧活性污泥与PAC的综合处理,中空纤维膜的过滤,用新型膜生物反应器处理印染废水,使出水达到排放标准,并对实验结果以及各处理单元的贡献及作用进行了分析研究。     

印染废水处理工程的新型生物流化床组合工艺技术分析

针对高浓度难降解的工业有机废水,利用自行开发的新型结构生物流化床技术,通过工程设计实施了若干废水处理的应用实践.从成功运行的12个工程中选取了3个分别为1200、 2000 和13000 m³/d的印染废水处理工程作为案例,分析流化床组合工艺处理难降解有机废水的原理,从技术经济可行性方面总结新型生物流化床技术处理印染废水的工程经验.3个工程规模案例印染废水处理生物系统停留时间分别为23、 34和21.8 h,进水容积负荷（COD）分别为1.75、 4.75、 2.97 kg/(m³·d),相应的COD去除率达97.3%、 98.1%、 95.8%.在正常运行工况条件下,工艺出水的各项污染指标均达到广东省一级排放标准（高于国家相应标准）的限值要求,整个工程的运行费用分别为0.91、 1.17及0.88元/m³.工程实践表明,采用新型生物流化床组合技术处理印染废水,克服了传统方法的缺点,具有停留时间短、氧利用率高、有机污染物转化速率快以及污泥产量少等的特点.基于未来的发展,提出了在组合工艺中实现低碳废水处理技术的流程,考虑生态安全和资源循环利用的结合.