基于PCA与改进AHP-CRITIC法的地质灾害风险评价研究——以神木市为例

神木市是西部地区重要的能源城市,对能源的过度开发利用引发了大量地质灾害,严重阻碍着居民生产生活和城市发展建设,因此开展地质灾害风险评价研究是该地区可持续发展的必由之路。为解决多因子综合作用对评价精度的影响,根据神木市地质环境及社会经济情况选取合适的评价因子分别建立危险性和易损性评价体系,利用主成分分析（PCA）法判断、提取主成分来避免因子间相关性的干扰,计算各因子综合分值得到危险性区划图;首次将改进层次分析（AHP）-CRITIC主客观组合赋权法应用于承灾体易损性评价当中,通过该方法计算因子综合权重得到各乡镇易损指数。叠加危险区划图和易损指数图完成神木市地质灾害风险性分区,将风险区划为高、较高、中、较低和低五个等级,分别占全市面积的5.31%、7.72%、14.17%、17.08%和55.72%,表明研究区风险等级中等偏低。可为同类型地区地质灾害风险评价工作提供参考依据。     

黄河三角洲湿地生态环境质量现状及保护对策

调查了黄河三角洲湿地类型及分布,重点对三角洲环境空气质量、地表水环境质量、湖泊水库水环境质量、浅海湿地水环境质量和湿地生态系统现状进行了调研。结果表明,三角洲湿地环境均受到不同程度的污染,浅海湿地潜在富营养化的危险,湿地生态系统现状堪忧。对此本文提出了五项有针对性的保护对策。     

太湖入湖河流流量简易测量法--中泓一点法

通过利用经典测试法与多普勒测流仪对太湖入湖河流流量进行的比对分析,找出了太湖入湖河流流量的简易测试方法——中泓一点法。在河流中泓0．6倍水深处测流．可得到入湖河流流量70％的精度;若要保证得到入湖河流流量为80％精度,则需在中泓0．8倍水深处施测。     

Profiling the antibiotic resistome in soils between pristine and human-affected sites on the Tibetan Plateau

With increasing pressure from anthropogenic activity in pristine environments, the comprehensive profiling of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) is essential to evaluate the potential risks from human-induced antibiotic resistance in these under-studied places. Here, we characterized the microbial resistome in relatively pristine soil samples collected from four distinct habitats on the Tibetan Plateau, using a Smart chip based high-throughput q PCR approach. We compared these to soils from the s...     

广州市东郊的降水监测及其理化特征

本文采用1982年至1987年广州市东郊的降水监测资料,初步探讨了该区酸雨污染特征。结果表明:广州市东郊酸雨污染严重,降水酸度逐年上升,雨水中阴阳离子浓度以SO₄2-和NH₄+最高。不同天气系统酸雨频率不同。      

Effects of land-use pattern change on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations: a case study in Zichang watershed of the Loess Plateau of China

The purpose of this article is to identify the effect of land-use pattern on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations in Zichang Watershed of the Loess Plateau. From 1986 to 1997, many farmlands changed into grassland or woodland, especially the farmland in steep slope positions or far away from the river. The change of land-use pattern altered the rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships, and led to higher slope of trend curves(STCs) of annual rainfall-runoff mass curve and runoff-sediment mass curve in 1990s than that in 1980s. It is implied that more soil and water loss yielded in 1990s. In order to reduce soil loss, more attentions should be paid to land-use pattern and some grass or other herbaceous filter strips should be built along rivers.     

黄土高原气候变化特征及原因分析

基于黄土高原111个气象站点1961—2018年逐日气温(最低气温、最高气温、平均气温)和降水数据,采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析、Sen's斜率估计和小波周期等方法分析了气温和降水的时空变化特征,并采用小波交叉功率谱分析方法对影响区域气候的环流因素进行了分析.研究结果显示:(1)黄土高原1961—2018年平均...     

医用电气设备的环境试验

国家标准GB9706.1-2007《医用电气设备第1部分：安全通用要求》中10.1和10.2明确规定了医用电气设备的运输和储存、运行等环境条件,具体试验方法则依据国家标准GB/T14710-93《医用电气设备环境要求及试验方法》。     

陕北黄土高原陡坡耕地土壤侵蚀变异的空间格局

利用环境放射性核素137-Cs技术定量评价陕北黄土高原典型山坡地顺坡断面(240 m)土壤重新分布的空间变化及其影响因素.结果表明,黄土高原坡地土壤侵蚀率存在明显的空间格局,即山坡中、上部是土壤侵蚀最为严重的地带,土壤平均侵蚀速率高达82.8 t/(hm2(a)以上;山顶和坡脚侵蚀速率较小,土壤平均侵蚀速率分别为17.1 t/(hm2(a)及22.3 t/(hm2(a),而坡下部土壤侵蚀速率居中,土壤平均侵蚀速率为46.8 t/(hm2(a).坡度变化是影响该地区土壤侵蚀速率空间变化的主导因子.本研究结果对黄土高原坡地土壤侵蚀的预测预报和准确防治土壤流失具有重要价值.     

Distribution of PAEs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China

Samples of water, sediment and suspended particulates were collected from 13 sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) concentrations in different phases of each sample were determined by Gas Chromatogram GC-FID. The results are shown as follows: (1) In the Xiao Langdi–Dongming Bridge section, PAEs concentrations in water phase from the main river ranged from 3.99 × 10⁻³ to 45.45 × 10⁻³ mg/L, which were similar to those from other rivers in the world. The PAEs levels in the tributaries of the Yellow River were much higher than those of the main river. (2) In the studied branches, the concentration of PAEs in sediment for Luoyang Petrochemical Channel (331.70 mg/Kg) was the highest. The concentrations of PAEs in sediment phase of the main river were 30.52 to 85.16 mg/Kg, which were much higher than those from other rivers in the world. In the main river, the concentration level of PAEs on suspended solid phases reached 94.22 mg/Kg, and it reached 691.23 mg/Kg in the Yiluo River – one tributary of the Yellow River. (3) Whether in the sediment or on the suspended solid phases, there was no significant correlation between the contents of PAEs and TOC or particle size of the solid phase; and the calculated Koc of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in the river were much less than the theoretical value, which inferred that PAEs were not on the equilibrium between water and suspended solid phases/sediment. (4) Among the measured PAEs compounds, the proportions of DEHP and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were much higher than the others. The concentrations of DEHP exceeded the Quality Standard in all the main river and tributary stations except those in the Mengjin and Jiaogong Bridge of the main river. This indicates that more attention should be paid to pollution control and further assessment in understanding risks associated with human health.