上海城市交通与机动车排气污染调查

上海市机动车保有量逐年增加，车辆的排气污染愈来愈严重，据调查，１９９７年机动画排放的ＣＯ，ＭＮＨＣ，ＮＯＸ和ＰＭ分别达到５８．６，９．０８，６．２０和０．２３万吨。中心城区机动车排放的ＣＯ，ＮＭＨＣ和ＮＯＸ污染物５０％以上来自于小型车，是影响上海城区环境空气质量的主要污染源。     

城市区域环境噪声标准适用区域划分新方法的研究

根据国家环保局关于区域环境噪声标准划分的规定，本文提出了区域环境噪声标准定量化划分的模型。该模型综合了城市自然因素和噪声污染因素。模型在南通市区域环境噪声标准划分中得到了验证。     

长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段二维水质对流扩散数学模型

对二水质对流扩散数学模型的有限差分解作了较详细的叙述，同时对距离步长，时间步长计算，网络内水深，流速，横向扩散系数的求取也作了简要介绍。     

Use of the chemical cleavage of mismatch method for prenatal deficiency diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin

The most common mutation in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, conversion of a G to an A at base 9989 (PI-Z), was detected with the chemical cleavage of mismatch method, demonstrating the power of the method for prenatal diagnosis. Exon V of the gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and heteroduplexes were formed to test for the presence of the mutation. The predicted C mismatch was readily detectable with hydroxylamine, and by making the probe from the chorionic villus sample it was possible to determine that the fetus was heterozygous, not homozygous, for the mutation.     

趋利除弊,不断深化对我国水资源的认识

我国水资源有诸多特点,除某些不利因素外,还具有水资源可利用性较好,河流径流利用率高,少水区地下水赋存条件好,贫水区中存在相对富水区,有取之不尽的海水等有利因素。应结合本国水资源特点,趋利除弊,不断完善对水资源管理,使有限水资源更好满足经济发展和人民生活的需求。     

论我国磷业发展战略

我国磷矿资源丰富,但长期以来缺乏磷业发展战略部署,磷矿山建设缓慢,磷肥供应不足,造成氮、磷、钾施肥比例失调,全国有2/3的耕地缺磷,其中半数严重缺磷,农业上出现了“报酬递减”现象。本文在分析我国磷业发展概况的基础上进行了磷矿与磷肥需求预测,根据我国农业及磷矿资源分布与有关开发建设条件等,提出了我国磷业发展战略与宏观生产布局,论证了发展磷业应立足国内、以国民经济总体部署为准则、建立4个大型综合性磷业基地、以资源型布点为主,辅以混合型、临海型和消费型布点等磷业发展战略中的重大问题,并提出了发展我国TS形双结构磷业网络的思想。     

BOD微生物传感器的研究

本实验从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株对广泛底物具有外源呼吸的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.A_4)。用该种菌株制成的BOD微生物传感器可在15min内完成一个样品BOD的测定。该法与传统方法有较好的相关性,可连续使用六周以上。     

The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome: Prenatal detection based on impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens

Prenatal diagnosis of the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome has been performed in 10 pregnancies at risk by measuring both the activity of acyl CoA: dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis, either in cultured amniotic fluid cells or in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villus biopsy. In 7 of the pregnancies both tests indicated no abnormality. All 7 continued to term and normal infants were delivered. However, in amniotic fluid cells from 2 fetuses affected by Zellweger syndrome unequivocal differences from control values were found. The activity of DHAP-AT was clearly deficient and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis was impaired. In one pregnancy at risk prenatal diagnosis was performed during the first trimester by measuring both the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis in fibroblasts cultured from a chorionic villi biopsy. From the deficient DHAP-AT activity and the impaired de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis it was concluded that the fetus was affected. This was confirmed biochemically after induced abortion. It can be concluded that measurement of the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis provides convenient methods for the early prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome.     

论民国时期河南灾荒的社会成因

民国年间河南灾荒现象异常突出，虽与当时整体气候背景及河南特殊的地理特征相关，但灾荒背后的社会原因更应引起我们的关注。其主要表现为：一、社会经济乏力，百姓抗灾能力低；二、政治腐败，体现在政府的赋税名目繁多、政府官员失职渎职以及挪用、贪污河防公款等几个方面；三、战争与灾荒；四、帝国主义列强对中国的残酷掠夺。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.