基于网格空间数据的晋陕蒙接壤区生态环境综合评价

晋陕蒙接壤区是典型的生态过渡带、生态脆弱带。文章在调查研究的基础上 ,选取了 1 3个评价指标 ,应用层次分析法确定其权重 ,并将各个因子分级标准化和定量赋值 ,再用加权求和法得到每个评价单元的环境质量综合评价指数。根据环境综合评价指数将环境质量分为较好 (≥ 8)、一般 (≥ 6～ <8)、较差 (≥ 4～ <6)、恶劣 (<4) 4级。结果表明 :晋陕蒙接壤区的环境质量大多处于较差等级 ,较好、一般、较差、恶劣等级的面积比例分别为 2 .2 % ,2 8% ,5 7.4%和1 2 .4%     

夜间建筑施工噪声扰民监测方法探讨

以一家夜间施工工地为例 ,通过对现有夜间建筑施工噪声测量方法及国家和深圳经济特区有关噪声污染定义的分析 ,阐述了夜间施工工地噪声扰民监测方法     

萃取-催化氧化光度法测定生物体中H2O2含量研究

提出萃取-催化氧化光度法测定生物体中H2O2含量的新方法.用稀土催化H2O2产生羟基自由基以氧化二苯基碳酰二肼,生成红色二苯基碳酰腙,其最大吸收波长为563.0nm;当二苯基碳酰二肼浓度一定时,△A563与H2O2含量呈量效关系.在0～30μmol/L H2O2 含量范围内,该法能简单、快速、精确地测定生物样品中H2O2实际含量.     

"一控双达标"验收监测中存在的局限性及需采取的措施

文章就此次"一控双达标"验收监测中所反映的一些问题,提出一些观点和建议,为今后达标验收监测及环境管理提供对策.     

炉排型城市生活垃圾焚烧炉排气中二

选择四种规模不同的炉排型生活垃圾焚烧炉,分别对其排放烟气中的二     

乌伦古湖水质现状及污染防治对策

着重对乌伦古湖所监测的项目作了全面系统的分析，评价了该湖的水环境质量，指出乌伦古湖水质的主要问题是严重咸化，这是该湖可持续发展的最大障碍。并指出做好湖区规划，增加水源供给，加强污水处理和湿地建设，是乌伦古湖未来发展的有利措施。     

灰色模型在确定关键污染因子中的应用

将灰色模型引入水环境质量评价中 ,通过对某个时间段内污染物原始监测数据的灰色处理 ,从动态演变中找出关键因子 ,客观地判定各污染因子所起的作用 ,并对各因子在下一个时间段的发展趋势作出判断 ,增加了评价的准确性。经过实例运用分析表明 ,该方法物理意义明确 ,简便易用     

Atrazine and Alachlor Inputs to Surface and Ground Waters in Irrigated Corn Cultivation Areas of Castilla-Leon Region, Spain

The inputs of atrazine and alachlor herbicides to surface and ground waters from irrigated areas dedicated to corn cultivation in the Castilla-León (C-L) region (Spain) as related to the application of both herbicides were studied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used for monitoring the atrazine and alachlor concentrations in 98 water samples taken from these areas. Seventy-nine of the samples were of ground waters and 19 were of surface waters. The concentration ranges of the herbicides detected in the study period (October 1997–October 1998) were 0.04–25.3 g L^–1 in the surface waters and 0.04–3.45 g L^–1 in the ground waters for atrazine, and 0.06–31.9 g L^–1 in the surface waters and 0.05–4.85 g L^–1 in the ground waters in the case of alachlor. The highly significant correlation observed between the concentrations of both herbicides in the surface waters (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) pointed to a parallel transport of atrazine and alachlor to these waters. A study was made of the temporal evolution of the concentrations of both herbicides, and it was found a maximum recharge of atrazine in the ground waters for April 1998 and of alachlor in October 1997 and October 1998. The temporal evolution of the concentrations of both herbicides in surface waters was parallel. The highly significant correlations observed between atrazine concentrations determined by ELISA and by HPLC (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and between alachlor concentrations also determined by both methods (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) confirmed the usefulness of ELISA for monitoring both herbicides in an elevated number of samples. Using HPLC, the presence in some waters of the alachlor ethanesulfonate (ESA) metabolite was found at a concentration range of 0.52–4.01 g L^–1. However the interference of ESA in the determination of alachlor by ELISA was negligible. The inputs of atrazine and alachlor to waters found in this study, especially the inputs to ground waters, could pose a risk for human health considering that some waters, though sporadically, are even used for human consumption.     

污染源监测报告有效期问题的探讨

环境监测是环境管理的基础性工作,污染源监测报告(数据)的有效性是保证环境执法严肃、公正的重要条件,也是是守法企业展示良好社会形象的基本保证。依照国家的相关规定,并结合行业技术规范的要求,探讨污染源监测报告的有效期问题,以利于相关各方严肃、科学、合理地使用污染源监测数据。     

Temperature and Concentration Effects in Biomonitoring of Organic Air Pollutants

Up to now only very few studies in biomonitoring of organic air pollutants have been published taking into account the strong influence mean temperatures have on the accumulation process into plants during the course of the exposition. Temperature governed sorption as well as the plants vitality pose a major source of uncertainty making inter-study comparisons difficult. Different surface-to-volume ratios of plant foliage lead to strongly varying concentration effects in different plant species. Moreover a plants content of waxes and lipids must be considered in order to relate xenobiotic concentrations to the compounds being most efficient in the bioaccumulation process. Some of these factors are evaluated in regard to the use of plants as biomonitors for organic air pollutants. Another aim is to deduce the mean ambient gas phase concentrations from PAH concentrations determined in the biomonitor plants using vegetation-air partitioning coefficients which have been corrected for temperature dependent sorption as well as the plants lipid content. Restrictions of such approaches and methods of biomonitoring in general are discussed.