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111.
采用热解──催化法使废旧聚乙烯塑料裂解,并对裂解产物进行GC/MS分析.结果表明,废旧聚乙烯塑料的裂解产物主要由正构烷烃、烯烃及少量环烷烃组成.这些化合物均具有重要的回收利用价值. 相似文献
112.
阴离子交换纤维吸附与解吸亚硝酸根的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对聚乙烯醇阴离子交换纤维(Poly vinylalcohol anion exchange fiber)吸附与解吸亚硝酸根分别作了动态及静态试验。结果表明,NO_2~-在PVAF上吸附与解吸速度快、再生容易、使用寿命长,吸附特征符合Langmuir吸附等温式,饱和吸附量为1.7m mol/g。其吸附率与温度、NO_2~-浓度、滤速、pH值、共存阴离子种类有关。洗脱率与洗脱剂种类、浓度有关。 相似文献
113.
114.
115.
A. Henk 《Geologische Rundschau》1995,84(3):578-590
Thermal modeling techniques constrained by published petrological and thermo-chronometric data were applied to examine late orogenic burial and exhumation at a Variscan suture zone in Central Europe. The suture separates the southern Rhenohercynian zone from the Mid-German Crystalline Rise and traces the former site of a small oceanic basin. Closure of this basin during Variscan subduction and subsequent collision of continental units were responsible for different tectono-metamorphic evolutions in the suture's footwall and hanging wall. Relative convergence rates between the southern Rhenohercynian zone and western Mid-German Crystalline Rise can be inferred from the pressure-temperature-time evolution of the Northern Phyllite Zone. During Late Viséan-Early Namurian times, horizontal thrusting velocities were at least 20 mm/a. Thermal modeling suggests that exhumation of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise occurred temporarily at rates of more than 3 mm/a. Such rapid exhumation cannot be produced by erosion only, but requires a substantial contribution of extensional strain. Exhumation by upper crustal extension occurred contemporaneously with convergence and is explained by continuous underplating of crustal slices and thrusting along faults with ramp-flat geometry. Finally, implications for the tectono-metamorphic history of the study area and the thermal state of the crust during late Variscan exhumation are discussed. 相似文献
116.
The distribution coefficients (Kd) and desorption rates of 137Cs and 241Am radionuclides in bottom sediments at different locations in the Black Sea were studied under laboratory conditions. The Kd values were found to be 500 for 137Cs and 3800 for 241Am at the steady state and described exponential curves. Rapid uptake of the radionuclides occurred during the initial period and little accumulation happened after four days. The desorption rates for 137Cs in different bottom sediments were best described by a three-component exponential model. The desorption half-times of 137Cs ranged from 26 to 50 d at the slow components. However, the desorption rate of 241Am described one component for all sediment samples and desorption half-time was found to be 75 d. In general, the results showed that the 241Am radionuclide is more effectively transferred to bottom sediment and has longer turnover time than 137Cs under Black Sea conditions. 相似文献
117.
Sorption and desorption hysteresis of 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene were investigated for the Borden aquifer material with total organic carbon of 0.021% and the isolated natural organic matter (NOM). The isolated NOM is a kerogen type of organic matter with relatively low maturation degree and contained many different types of organic matters including vitrinite particles. The modified Freundlich sorption capacities (logK′f and logK′foc) are very close for the sorption of the four solutes by the isolated NOM and the original sand, respectively. Isotherm non-linearity (n value) and hysteric behaviors are related to solute molecular properties (e.g. Kow and molecular size). Kerogen encapsulated by inorganic matrices in the original aquifer may not be accessed fully by solutes. The larger the hydrophobic organic chemical (HOC) (hydrophobic organic contaminant) molecule is, the lower accessibility of the HOC to kerogen. This study disputes widely held hypothesis that sorption to mineral surfaces may play a major role in the overall sorption by low TOC (e.g. 0.1% by mass) geomaterials such as Borden sand. It also demonstrates the importance of the condensed NOM domain, even at very low contents, in the sorption and desorption hysteresis of HOCs in groundwater systems. 相似文献
118.
Tamara Fraizer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,41(6):423-434
I develop a state-based dynamic model of behavior to demonstrate that size-dependent differences in temperature tolerances
are not necessary to account for the activity of small male digger wasps late in the day. In the model, males defend or patrol
the nesting area, wait near nests, or feed away from the nesting area depending on time of day, energy reserves and size rank.
I assume a large male competitive advantage, so mating opportunities decrease with size rank for territorial or patrolling
males and are rare for all waiting males; the costs of patrolling or defense are higher than the costs of waiting. If energy
reserves of all males are initially small, all males alternate feeding and territorial or patrolling behavior. If energy reserves
are initially large, large males patrol or maintain territories until they risk starvation and leave the area to feed. At
this time, smaller males that have conserved their resources by waiting and feeding may defend territories or patrol. I simulate
the behavior of three populations representing two species of Microbembex by assuming large initial energy reserves for populations in which males were territorial and small initial reserves for
populations in which males patrolled, and then convert the predicted time of activity to temperature using local regressions
from field studies. Temporal patterns in the activity of large and small males were similar to those actually observed, and
relationships between size and temperature predicted by the model corresponded to most observations and were sometimes positive.
Thus, the delayed activity of smaller males does not correspond to activity at higher temperatures and is probably not attributable
to size-dependent thermal tolerances, but may represent a temporal displacement of mating activity due to intra-sexual competition
and mediated by energetics. The model makes testable predictions on the timing of feeding and depletion of energy reserves
in relation to size and initial energy state, and suggests how differences among species may influence the temporal and spatial
organization of male mating behavior.
Received: 27 February 1997 / Accepted after revision: 26 July 1997 相似文献
119.
Highly exothermic materials have caused many serious accidents involving storage and transportation, due to being thermally reactive. The safe storage and management of these materials is still a critical problem in many countries. Our aim was to study the thermal hazard of thermal reactive materials, such as a propellant, by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) non-isothermal tests and isothermal tests, and then comparing the kinetic parameters by isothermal and non-isothermal of kinetics. The chosen approach was to obtain reliable thermal decomposition by a safe and effective method, which acquired the kinetic and safety parameters of storage conditions that could be applied as highly exothermic materials' reduction of loss prevention and energy potential for safer design during storage transport and processing operations. 相似文献
120.
Bisphenol A is one of the basic compounds used in a synthesis of polycarbonates and epoxy resins. Its dust can create an explosive mixture with air under specific circumstances. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to determine explosion characteristics and flammability behaviour of this compound. The complete flammability characteristic requires the determination of the basic parameters of Bisphenol A under fire conditions including Heat Release Rate, speed of combustion, ability to ignite and the temperature of the decomposition range. To establish those parameters, a cone calorimeter was used. The explosion characteristics were tested in a 20-L spherical vessel. Minimum Ignition Energy was tested on MINOR II Apparatus which is a modified Hartman's Tube. In order to identify hazardous substances generated during a fire involving Bisphenol A, a simultaneous thermal analysis that combines thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry was used. The substances obtained from the thermal degradation were analyzed by infrared spectroscope with Fourier transformation. Furthermore, the application of a Purser furnace and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of gaseous substances formed during the thermal degradation of Bisphenol A samples. 相似文献