A Novel Solar Thermal Cycle with Chemical Looping Combustion

In this paper, we have proposed a thermal cycle with the integration of chemical-looping combustion and solar thermal energy with the temperature of about 500-600°C. Chemical-looping combustion may be carried out in two successive reactions between a reduction of hydrocarbon fuel with metal oxides and a reduced metal with oxygen in the air. This loop of chemical reactions is substituted for conventional combustion of fuel. Methane as a fuel and nickel oxides as an oxygen carrier were employed in this cycle. Collected high-temperature solar thermal energy is provided for the endothermic reduction reaction. The feature of the proposed cycle is investigated through Energy-Utilization Diagram methodology. As a result, at the turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C, the exergy efficiency of the proposed cycle would be expected to be about 4 percentage points higher than that of a conventional gas turbine combined cycle. Compared to the previous study of chemical-looping combustion energy systems, the proposed cycle with the integration of green energy and traditional hydrocarbon fuels will offer the possibility of both greenhouse gas mitigation, with green energy, and a new approach to the efficient use of solar energy.     

炼油厂废白土渣的综合利用研究

炼油厂用白土精制润滑油时将产生大量的白土渣，白土渣的成份为白土、润滑油、胶质等，若不较好地回收利用将会浪费资源和对环境造成污染。本研究采用白土渣与一定量的水和碱一起加热搅拌，解吸回收润滑油，废水实现循环使用，白土渣达到综合利用，一吨白土渣处理后可获得渣量１５％￣２５％的润滑油，有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

大港发电厂温排水对附近海域浮游动物影响研究

分别于2010年夏、冬季对大港发电厂温排水口附近海域浮游动物进行调查。结果表明:调查区浮游动物以桡足类和幼虫类占优势,群落结构相对稳定,但丰度明显低于渤海湾其他海区,种类组成、丰度和多样性指数具有夏季高于冬季、近岸低于远岸的时空变化特征。临近温排水口的TJHS1117站位的浮游动物群落物种数、丰度及多样性等在6个调查站位中都处于最低,可见温排水对浮游动物群落结构及平面分布有一定的影响。     

脱水污泥热干化和微波干化过程及机理比较分析

以脱水污泥为原料,分别采用恒温热干化和微波干化2种不同的方法考察脱水污泥的干化情况;对不同干化阶段的污泥进行显微观察,分析干化过程;并对2种干化过程的机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明随着加热温度的升高,污泥中水分脱除速度加快。加热温度低于100℃时,在120 min以内,热干化无法达到较高的脱水率。加热温度在140℃以上,加热时间120 min时,脱水污泥的脱水率可达到98.26%。微波干化法在功率为500~900 W,5~10 min内可使脱水污泥的脱水率到达99.20%以上。机理分析表明热干化传质与传热方向相反,微传热和传质的方向相同,因此微波干化具有更快速、高效的特点。     

生物法治理燃煤电厂高pH值灰坝水

采用加丰、，接种驯化的微生物产酸和种养水生生物等技术降低燃煤电厂灰坝水的ｐＨ值。该技术经过一年多实际运行考察，说明处理后灰坝水的ｐＨ值，ＳＳ和ＣＯＤｃｒ等指标均符合ＧＢ８９７８－９６《污水综合排放标准》的要求，并且可用于养殖和农灌。     

中空玻璃微珠/氮化硼填充硅橡胶复合材料的介电、导热和阻燃性能研究

为满足5G电子封装材料的性能需求,将一定量的改性中空玻璃微珠(f-HGM)和氮化硼(f-BN)添加进加成型液体硅橡胶中制备了低介电、高导热且阻燃的硅橡胶复合材料。测试结果表明,添加了10份f-HGM和15份f-BN的复合材料的介电常数为2.68,介电损耗为0.008 16,显著低于纯硅橡胶,热导率为0.518 W/m·K,是纯硅橡胶的2.25倍。此外,复合材料的热稳定性得到了提升,pHRR和THR分别下降了55.3%和37.7%。通过气相和凝聚相分析发现,复合材料的气相热解产物浓度大幅降低,残炭的致密性和连续性得到显著提升。     

Priority and emerging pollutants in sewage sludge and fate during sludge treatment

This paper aims at characterizing the quality of different treated sludges from Paris conurbation in terms of micropollutants and assessing their fate during different sludge treatment processes (STP). To achieve this, a large panel of priority and emerging pollutants (n = 117) have been monitored in different STPs from Parisian wastewater treatment plants including anaerobic digestion, thermal drying, centrifugation and a sludge cake production unit. Considering the quality of treated sludges, comparable micropollutant patterns are found for the different sludges investigated (in mg/kg DM – dry matter). 35 compounds were detected in treated sludges. Some compounds (metals, organotins, alkylphenols, DEHP) are found in every kinds of sludge while pesticides or VOCs are never detected. Sludge cake is the most contaminated sludge, resulting from concentration phenomenon during different treatments. As regards treatments, both centrifugation and thermal drying have broadly no important impact on sludge contamination for metals and organic compounds, even if a slight removal seems to be possible with thermal drying for several compounds by abiotic transfers. Three different behaviors can be highlighted in anaerobic digestion: (i) no removal (metals), (ii) removal following dry matter (DM) elimination (organotins and NP) and iii) removal higher than DM (alkylphenols – except NP – BDE 209 and DEHP). Thus, this process allows a clear removal of biodegradable micropollutants which could be potentially significantly improved by increasing DM removal through operational parameters modifications (retention time, temperature, pre-treatment, etc.).     

Characterization of human manure-derived biochar and energy-balance analysis of slow pyrolysis process

Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of their soil improvement potential, contaminant immobilization properties, and ability to function as carbon sinks. This study adopted a pyrolytic process to prepare a series of biochars from dried human manure at varying temperatures. The thermal analysis of human manure and physicochemical properties of the resulting biochars illustrated that human manure can be a favorable feedstock for biochar production. In particular, the porous texture and nutrient-rich properties of biochars produced from human manure and may significantly enhance soil fertility when used as used soil additives. A temperature range of 500–600 °C was optimal for human manure biochar production. Significantly, when the moisture content of the feedstock is lower than 57%, the system could not only harvest manure-derived biochar but also have a net energy output, which can be provide heat source for nearby users.     

Full scale treatment of ASR wastes in a modified rotary kiln

A plant, designed for the thermo-valorisation of tyres, was specifically modified in order to treat Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR). Results from two full-scale combustion experiments, carried out on large ASR feeding lots (thousands of tons) indicate the proposed technology as a potential route to help the fulfilling of impending 95% reuse and recovery target set by the End of life Vehicle (ELV) Directive (January 2015). The paper describes the main operational troubleshot occurred during the first experiment (emissions at the stack out of regulatory limits and problems of clogging on the conveyer belt) and the consequent upgrading solutions (pre-treatment, introduction of waste double low-flow screw feeder and a cyclone prior to the main fan, modification of rotatory kiln inlet) adopted to allow, during the second long-term experiment, a continuous basis operation of the plant in full compliance with the discharge limit to the atmosphere. Characterization of both ASR and combustion residues allowed to quantify a 18% of combustion residues as not dangerous waste while only the 2% as hazardous one. A pre-treatment for the reduction of fines in the ASR was recommended in order to achieve the required energy recovery efficiency.     

Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir, China

The Beijing Guanting Reservoir (BGR) is located northwest of Beijing and has been an important water supply reservoir ever since the construction of a dam near the town of Guanting in 1954. As a result of excessive nutrients and organic carbon loadings from the drainage basin over the last several decades, the BGR suffers from eutrophication as well as other contamination problems and has not been used as a drinking water supply reservoir since 1997. As a management step to restore the reservoir's water quality, a numerical model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) framework. The model simulated three phytoplankton species based on the observed cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatom concentrations in 2004 for the Yongding arm of the reservoir, which is separated from the rest of the reservoir by a sand bar. The model was calibrated with vertical temperature profiles as well as the observed chlorophyll a and nutrients concentrations in the water column. The calibrated model was further applied to investigate management scenarios, which include reduction in external loadings of nutrients with constructed wetlands, biomanipulation, and transferring water from CeTian Reservoir. All three scenarios can reduce the peak chlorophyll a levels in the reservoir. The background nutrients were high, and reducing the external nutrients was effective only after a reduction in background nutrients after phytoplankton growth. The biomanipulation and water transfer scenarios could also delay the occurrence of the peak chlorophyll a. Because the model was developed based on one year of data, the model can only reveal the short-term effects of applying the management scenarios. Future studies will consider the long-term processes, such as diagenesis, when data are available to predict the long-term effects of the scenarios.